{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:07:31Z","timestamp":1789578451389,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Scrub typhus is a re-emerging mite-borne rickettsiosis, which continues to be underdiagnosed, with lethal consequences. The present study was conducted to determine the seasonality, clinical presentation and predictors of mortality in patients with scrub typhus at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Scrub typhus was suspected in patients attending the hospital as per the standard case definition and serological evidence was obtained by performing an IgM ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 284 patients with scrub typhus from urban and rural areas were seen, predominantly from July to November. The most common clinical presentation was a bilateral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which resembled pneumonia due to atypical pathogens and often progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) or a febrile illness associated with altered sensorium, aseptic meningitis, shock, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding or jaundice was also seen. Eschars were seen in 17 per cent of patients, and thrombocytopenia, transaminitis and azotaemia were frequent. There were 24 deaths (8.5%) caused predominantly by ARDS and multi-organ dysfunction. The mortality in patients with ARDS was high (37%). ARDS [odds ratio (OR)=38.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.93, 147.71] and acute kidney injury (OR=8.30, 95% CI: 2.21, 31.21) were the major predictors of death.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present findings indicate that scrub typhus may be considered a cause of CAP, ARDS, AUFI or a febrile illness with multisystem involvement, in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, especially from July to November. Empiric therapy of CAP may include doxycycline or azithromycin to ensure coverage of underlying unsuspected scrub typhus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1764_15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T13:56:29Z","timestamp":1493387789000},"page":"901-909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Scrub typhus in Uttarakhand &amp; adjoining Uttar Pradesh"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Anurag","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev Mohan","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohaib","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minakshi","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushant","family":"Khanduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyannk","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R2-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0064","article-title":"Unresolved problems related to scrub typhus: a seriously neglected life-threatening disease","volume":"89","author":"Paris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R3-16-20241212","first-page":"135","article-title":"Typhus fever; with special reference to its incidence in India","volume":"15","author":"Roy","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc 1945"},{"key":"R4-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194605000-00003","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Assam and Burma; a clinical study of 616 cases","volume":"25","author":"Sayen","year":"1946","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"R5-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07391.x","article-title":"Outbreak of scrub typhus in Southern India during the cooler months","volume":"990","author":"Mathai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R6-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.051697","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Himalayas","volume":"12","author":"Mahajan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-16-20241212","first-page":"334","article-title":"Rickettsial diseases in Haryana: not an uncommon entity","volume":"57","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R8-16-20241212","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Scrub typhus in patients reporting with acute febrile illness at a tertiary health care institution in Goa","volume":"136","author":"Narvencar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R9-16-20241212","first-page":"24","article-title":"Analysis of two outbreaks of scrub typhus in Rajasthan: a clinico-epidemiological study","volume":"62","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R10-16-20241212","first-page":"538","article-title":"Serological evidence of rickettsial infections in Delhi","volume":"135","author":"Mittal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R11-16-20241212","first-page":"241","article-title":"Fevers of the typhus group in the Bhimtal area of Kumaon hills","volume":"70","author":"Blewitt","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Royal Armed Corps"},{"key":"R12-16-20241212","first-page":"104","article-title":"Rickettsiosis in India: a review","volume":"71","author":"Padbidri","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"R13-16-20241212","first-page":"89","article-title":"Scrub typhus, a case report: Military and regional significance","volume":"60","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"MJAFI"},{"key":"R14-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2010.090447","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Uttarakhand, India: a common rickettsial disease in an uncommon geographical region","volume":"40","author":"Ahmad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"R15-16-20241212","first-page":"3","article-title":"Multi-state outbreak of scrub typhus","volume":"2","author":"Mittal","year":"2013","journal-title":"NCDC Newsl"},{"key":"R17-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.009","article-title":"Clinical profile and improving mortality trend of scrub typhus in South India","volume":"23","author":"Varghese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.159279","article-title":"DHR-ICMR Guidelines for diagnosis and management of Rickettsial diseases in India","volume":"141","author":"Rahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R20-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.02.006","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Darjeeling, India: opportunities for simple, practical prevention measures","volume":"103","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R21-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01393.x","article-title":"The atypical pneumonias: clinical diagnosis and importance","volume":"12","author":"Cunha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"R23-16-20241212","first-page":"40","article-title":"Scrub typhus at a district hospital in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India: report of a rapid response investigation","volume":"46","author":"Bhargava","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"key":"R24-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2010.100132","article-title":"Acute undifferentiated febrile illness in adult hospitalized patients: the disease spectrum and diagnostic predictors - An experience from a tertiary care hospital in South India","volume":"40","author":"Chrispal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"R25-16-20241212","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Liver function tests abnormality and clinical severity of dengue infection in adult patients","volume":"98","author":"Kittitrakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"R26-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-3146","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia: diagnostic vs. prognostic significance of the platelet count","volume":"139","author":"Cunha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R27-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.108729","article-title":"Outbreak of scrub typhus in the North East Himalayan region-Sikkim: an emerging threat","volume":"31","author":"Gurung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R28-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America\/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"44","author":"Mandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201644060-00016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:01:31Z","timestamp":1751497291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/scrub-typhus-in-uttarakhand-adjoining-uttar-pradesh-seasonality-clinical-presentations-predictors-of-mortality\/"}},"subtitle":["Seasonality, clinical presentations &amp; predictors of mortality"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1764_15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}}}