{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:17:05Z","timestamp":1791566225670,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Plasmid has led to increase in resistant bacterial pathogens through the exchange of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genetic determinants through horizontal gene transfer. Baseline data on the occurrence of plasmids carrying AMR genes are lacking in India. This study was aimed to identify the plasmids associated with AMR genetic determinants in ESKAPE pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 112 ESKAPE isolates including <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (n=37), <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>=48, including 7 pan-drug susceptible isolates), <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>=8), <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>=1) and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>=18) were analyzed in the study. Isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility and whole genome sequencing of isolates was performed using Ion Torrent (PGM) sequencer. Downstream data analysis was done using PATRIC, ResFinder, PlasmidFinder and MLSTFinder databases. All 88 whole genome sequences (WGS) were deposited at GenBank.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Most of the study isolates showed resistant phenotypes. As analyzed from WGS, the isolates included both known and unknown sequence types. The plasmid analysis revealed the presence of single or multiple plasmids in the isolates. Plasmid types such as IncHI1B(pNDM-MAR), IncFII(pRSB107), IncFIB(Mar), IncFIB(pQil), IncFIA, IncFII(K), IncR, ColKP3 and ColpVC were present in <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. In <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>, IncFIA, IncFII, IncFIB, Col(BS512), IncL1, IncX3 and IncH were present along with other types. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic> harboured seven different plasmid groups pMW2 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rep<\/jats:italic>5), pSAS1 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rep<\/jats:italic>7), pDLK1 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rep<\/jats:italic>10), pUB110 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rep<\/jats:italic>US12), Saa6159 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rep<\/jats:italic>16), pKH12 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rep<\/jats:italic>21) and pSA1308 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rep<\/jats:italic>21). The overall incidence of IncF type plasmids was 56.5 per cent followed by Col type plasmids 18.3 per cent and IncX 5.3 per cent. Other plasmid types identified were &lt;5 per cent.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Results from the study may serve as a baseline data for the occurrence of AMR genes and plasmids in India. Information on the association between phenotypic and genotypic expression of AMR was deciphered from the data. Further studies on the mechanism of antibiotic resistance dissemination are essential for enhancing clinical lifetime of antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_2098_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T07:30:52Z","timestamp":1559547052000},"page":"222-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Plasmid profiles among some ESKAPE pathogens in a tertiary care centre in south India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Naveen Kumar Devanga","family":"Ragupathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamuna Devi","family":"Bakthavatchalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purva","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agila Kumari","family":"Pragasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamini","family":"Walia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.C.","family":"Ohri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_415","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria causing infections collected across India during 2014-2016: Study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trend report","volume":"36","author":"Veeraraghavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R2-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-83","article-title":"Rapid plasmid replicon typing by real time PCR melting curve analysis","volume":"13","author":"Boot","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"R3-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn131","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of IncI1 plasmids carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Salmonella of human and animal origin","volume":"61","author":"Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R5-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.10.012","article-title":"A classification system for plasmids from enterococci and other Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"80","author":"Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"R6-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx488","article-title":"Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"73","author":"Rozwandowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R7-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr106","article-title":"Characterization of IncF plasmids carrying the blaCTX-M-14 gene in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Korea","volume":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R8-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00125-13","article-title":"Escherichia coli ST131, an intriguing clonal group","volume":"27","author":"Nicolas-Chanoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R9-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr085","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and \u03b2-lactamases in Escherichia coli from healthy animals from Nigeria","volume":"66","author":"Fortini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R10-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.03.019","article-title":"Increased detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from poultry","volume":"145","author":"Dierikx","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R11-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00009-8","article-title":"Colistin resistance gene Mcr-1 in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria in Germany","volume":"16","author":"Falgenhauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R13-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.6965","article-title":"Association of bla CTX-M-15 and qnr genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella spp from India","volume":"9","author":"Muthuirulandi Sethuvel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"R16-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D581","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1099","article-title":"PATRIC, the bacterial bioinformatics database and analysis resource","volume":"42","author":"Wattam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R17-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103672","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3103672","article-title":"IncF plasmids are commonly carried by antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water sources in Northern Tanzania","volume":"2016","author":"Lyimo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"R18-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00188","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Bla ESBL-harboring conjugative plasmids identified in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals and healthy humans","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R19-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME13173","article-title":"Characterization of multi-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from beef cattle in Japan","volume":"29","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbes Environ"},{"key":"R20-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks114","article-title":"Complete sequencing of an IncH plasmid carrying the bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M-15 and qnrB1 genes","volume":"67","author":"Villa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R21-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00064-16","article-title":"Polymyxins: Antibacterial activity, susceptibility testing, and resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes","volume":"30","author":"Poirel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R22-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01050-10","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of plasmids in strains of Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 reveals a high level of identity among isolates with closely related core genome sequences","volume":"48","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R23-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-110","article-title":"Sccmec type II gene is common among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Jakarta, Indonesia","volume":"6","author":"Buntaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R24-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5948","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00870-12","article-title":"Expansion of a plasmid classification system for Gram-positive bacteria and determination of the diversity of plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus strains of human, animal, and food origins","volume":"78","author":"Lozano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R25-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01528","article-title":"The qacC gene has recently spread between rolling circle plasmids of Staphylococcus, indicative of a novel gene transfer mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Wassenaar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R26-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","article-title":"In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing","volume":"58","author":"Carattoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R27-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00182","article-title":"Plasmid classification in an era of whole-genome sequencing: Application in studies of antibiotic resistance epidemiology","volume":"8","author":"Orlek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R28-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02505-07","article-title":"Associations between antimicrobial resistance genes in fecal generic Escherichia coli isolates from cow-calf herds in Western Canada","volume":"74","author":"Gow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R29-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2017.01.012","article-title":"First Indian report of IncX3 plasmid carrying blaNDM-7 in Escherichia coli from bloodstream infection: Potential for rapid dissemination","volume":"17","author":"Devanga Ragupathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"R30-16-20241212","first-page":"2135","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing bacteremia from India \u2013 A first report","volume":"7","author":"Pragasam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R31-16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1148-6","article-title":"Whole genome analysis of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from community and hospital acquired bloodstream infection","volume":"18","author":"Shankar","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201949020-00016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:01:13Z","timestamp":1751497273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/plasmid-profiles-among-some-eskape-pathogens-in-a-tertiary-care-centre-in-south-india\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_2098_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}}}