{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:39:06Z","timestamp":1792705146311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide. As different respiratory viruses exhibit similar symptoms, simultaneous detection of these viruses in a single reaction mixture can save time and cost. The present study was done in a tertiary care children's hospital for rapid identification of viruses causing SARI among children less than or equal to five years of age using multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 155 throat swabs were collected from equal number of children suspected to have SARI and processed for extraction of nucleic acids using automated extraction system. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR was done to identify the viruses in the samples.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The overall positivity for viruses in the study was found to be 72.9 per cent with a co-infection rate of 19.5 per cent. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was the predominant virus detected in 25.7 per cent children followed by influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, human rhinovirus (HRV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in 19.9, 11.0 and 8.8 per cent children, respectively. The HMPV was at its peak in February 2013, HAdV showed two peaks in March-April, 2012 and November 2012-March 2013 while HRV was detected throughout the year.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Multiplex real-time PCR helped in rapid identification of viruses. Seventeen viruses were detected in SARI cases with overall positivity of 72.9 per cent. HMPV was the most predominant virus. However, for better clinico-virological correlation, studies are required with complete work up of all the aetiological agents, clinical profile of patients and treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_22_15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T09:56:29Z","timestamp":1493373389000},"page":"877-885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Viruses causing severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in children \u22645 years of age at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan, India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Bharti","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Anjaneya","family":"Swamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. V.","family":"Janardhan Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R2-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-143","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral etiology for influenza-like illness during 2010 in Zhuhai, China","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"R3-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00187-06","article-title":"Genetic variability in the G protein gene of group A and B respiratory syncytial viruses from India","volume":"44","author":"Parveen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R4-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00170-0","article-title":"Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R5-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-89","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex PCR among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in Delhi from 2005 to 2007","volume":"6","author":"Bharaj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"R6-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-168","article-title":"A molecular epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in Japanese children with acute wheezing illness","volume":"11","author":"Fujitsuka","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00733-10","article-title":"Rapid detection of respiratory tract viral infections and coinfections in patients with influenza-like illnesses by use of reverse transcription-PCR DNA microarray systems","volume":"48","author":"Renois","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R8-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.11.007","article-title":"Rapid detection and identification of 12 respiratory viruses using a dual priming oligonucleotide system-based multiplex PCR assay","volume":"156","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"R9-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6236","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.6236","article-title":"Rapid detection of acute respiratory virus and atypical bacteria infections in children","volume":"6","author":"Xuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"R11-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2779-2783.2001","article-title":"Comparison of a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR-enzyme hybridization assay with conventional viral culture and immunofluorescence techniques for the detection of seven viral respiratory pathogens","volume":"39","author":"Liolios","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R12-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1564-1569.2004","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time PCR for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4","volume":"42","author":"Templeton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R14-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.2987-2991.2003","article-title":"Human metapneumovirus associated with respiratory tract infections in a 3-year study of nasal swabs from infants in Italy","volume":"41","author":"Maggi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis333","article-title":"Comparison of risk factors for human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus disease severity in young children","volume":"206","author":"Papenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43666","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043666","article-title":"Viral and atypical bacterial etiology of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years old living in a rural tropical area of Madagascar","volume":"7","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R17-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.111847","article-title":"Demographic shift of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during and after pandemic, rural India","volume":"18","author":"Broor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-22","article-title":"Virological and clinical characterizations of respiratory infections in hospitalized children","volume":"39","author":"Bicer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"R19-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-78","article-title":"Respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Ghana","volume":"9","author":"Kwofie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"R20-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.124288","article-title":"Viral aetiology of acute lower respiratory tract illness in hospitalised paediatric patients of a tertiary hospital: one year prospective study","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R21-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18176","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018176","article-title":"Viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized Vietnamese children in Ho Chi Minh City, 2004-2008","volume":"6","author":"Do","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R22-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.04.004","article-title":"Rate and influence of respiratory virus co-infection on pandemic (H1N1) influenza disease","volume":"63","author":"Esper","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R23-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21552","article-title":"Infection with multiple viruses is not associated with increased disease severity in children with bronchiolitis","volume":"47","author":"Brand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R24-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-276","article-title":"Diagnostic value of respiratory virus detection in symptomatic children using real-time PCR","volume":"9","author":"Huijskens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"R25-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181af61e9","article-title":"Viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections in central vietnamese children","volume":"29","author":"Yoshida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R26-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2001.13.Supplement-2.205","article-title":"Epidemiology of major respiratory pathogens","volume":"13","author":"Debbia","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"R27-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00636-10","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time PCR method","volume":"48","author":"Gaunt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R28-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in Kenya, 2007-2010","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-13-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-32","article-title":"Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years","volume":"12","author":"Khor","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201644060-00013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T19:01:30Z","timestamp":1751482890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/viruses-causing-severe-acute-respiratory-infections-sari-in-children-5-years-of-age-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-rajasthan-india\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_22_15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}}}