{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:40:43Z","timestamp":1765233643248,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background & Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Verbal autopsy (VA) is the systematic and retrospective inquiry (from relatives) about the symptoms of an illness prior to death. In tribal India, 67-75 per cent of deaths occur at home with an unknown cause of death (CoD). Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the CoD in the 16-60 yr age group utilizing VA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A prospective, community based longitudinal study was conducted in 32 tribal villages in the Melghat region of Maharashtra, between 2004 and 2020. Number of deaths and VAs in 16-60 yr age group were collected by village health workers (VHWs) and supervisors, verified by five different persons (internal-external) and cross-checked by three VA interpretation trained physicians. A modified version of WHO VA was used. Cause-specific mortality fractions were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Of the 1011 deaths recorded, mortality in males was significantly higher than females (P<\/jats:italic><0.001). A total of 763 VAs were conducted which revealed that tuberculosis was the leading CoD, followed by jaundice, heart diseases, diarrhoea, central nervous system infections and suicide. Suicides were significantly more common among males than in females (P<\/jats:italic>=0.046). Significantly, more deaths occurred during the monsoon (P<\/jats:italic>=0.002), especially diarrhoeal deaths (P<\/jats:italic>=0.024).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The findings of this study suggest that, in Indian tribal areas, infectious diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and one of the major causes of deaths in economically productive age group. Intensified VHW-mediated interventions are required to reduce the premature deaths.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_3299_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T07:32:34Z","timestamp":1697527954000},"page":"217-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Verbal autopsy to assess causes of mortality among the economically productive age group in the tribal region of Melghat, central India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Ashish Rambhau","family":"Satav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Community Health, Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kavita Ashish","family":"Satav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhay Suresh","family":"Kelkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vrinda S.","family":"Sahasrabhojaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibhawari Sharad","family":"Dani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, MAHAN Trust, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhananjay V.","family":"Raje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, MAHAN Trust, Amravati, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A. F.","family":"Simoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926000","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.926000","article-title":"Profile of diseases prevalent in Datia district of Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"10","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"R2-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000639","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000639","article-title":"Verbal autopsy in health policy and systems:A literature review","volume":"3","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"R3-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.114988","article-title":"Causes of death in rural adult population of North India (2002-2007), using verbal autopsy tool","volume":"57","author":"Palanivel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"R4-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002486","article-title":"The WHO 2016 verbal autopsy instrument:An international standard suitable for automated analysis by InterVA, InSilicoVA, and Tariff 2.0","volume":"15","author":"Nichols","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"(Suppl 3)","key":"R6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab481","article-title":"Mortality from respiratory syncytial virus in children under 2 years of age:A prospective community cohort study in rural Maharashtra, India","volume":"73","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030018","article-title":"Prospective study of one million deaths in India:Rationale, design, and validation results","volume":"3","author":"Jha","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R8-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197471","DOI":"10.3389\/fdata.2023.1197471","article-title":"Evaluation of methods for assigning causes of death from verbal autopsies in India","volume":"6","author":"Benara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Big Data"},{"key":"R9-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0654-z","article-title":"Maternal marital status and birth outcomes:a systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"15","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"R10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1758-2","article-title":"The effects of maternal mortality on infant and child survival in rural Tanzania:A cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Finlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"R11-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008909","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-008909","article-title":"Effect of home-based childcare on childhood mortality in rural Maharashtra, India:A cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Satav","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"R12-20241212","first-page":"89","article-title":"[De jure and de facto deaths. The impact of unregistered attendees and absentees on urban death rates in early twentieth-century Belgium","volume":"73","author":"Van Rossem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Population"},{"key":"R14-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-9-27","article-title":"Population Health Metrics Research Consortium gold standard verbal autopsy validation study:design, implementation, and development of analysis datasets","volume":"9","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Population Health Metrics"},{"key":"R15-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-9-30","article-title":"Simplified symptom pattern method for verbal autopsy analysis:multisite validation study using clinical diagnostic gold standards","volume":"9","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"R16-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040326","article-title":"Estimating population cause-specific mortality fractions from in-hospital mortality:Validation of a new method","volume":"4","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R17-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4111-4","article-title":"Mortality from tetanus between 1990 and 2015: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"17","author":"Kyu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-022-01655-y","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates:Evidence on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups in eastern India","volume":"21","author":"Busch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"R19-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015036","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015036","article-title":"Protocol for a cluster randomised stepped wedge trial assessing the impact of a community-level hygiene intervention and a water intervention using riverbank filtration technology on diarrhoeal prevalence in India","volume":"7","author":"McGuinness","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01595-x","article-title":"Social and behavioural risk factors in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in Kerala, India:A catchment area population survey","volume":"20","author":"Madavanakadu Devassy","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"R21-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30411-X","article-title":"Effect on longevity of one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030:A global analysis of the Sustainable Development Goal health target","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R22-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811266","article-title":"Municipal wastewater connection for water crisis and jaundice outbreaks in Shimla city:Present findings and future solutions","volume":"19","author":"Rathour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R23-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.184868","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic status and living condition on latent tuberculosis diagnosis among the tribal population of Melghat:A cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Kashyap","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"R24-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000877","article-title":"Drivers of seasonal variation in tuberculosis incidence:Insights from a systematic review and mathematical model","volume":"29","author":"Tedijanto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol"},{"key":"R25-20241212","first-page":"267","article-title":"Clinical features of HIV infection in drug users of Manipur","volume":"7","author":"Panda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"R26-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462991914357","article-title":"High prevalence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections amongst the inmates of a district jail in Northern India","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R27-20241212","first-page":"617","article-title":"Hepatitis B antigen and viral hepatitis type B in India","volume":"51","author":"John","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R28-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.6.986","article-title":"Prospective study of diarrheal illnesses in Northeastern Brazil:Patterns of disease, nutritional impact, etiologies, and risk factors","volume":"148","author":"Guerrant","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02232-z","article-title":"Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India","volume":"11","author":"Nair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R30-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2016.11.003","article-title":"Community-based management of severe malnutrition:SAM and SUW in the tribal area of Melghat, Maharashtra, India","volume":"5","author":"Dani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"R31-20241212","first-page":"15","article-title":"Low birth weight scenario in India:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJFANS Int J Food Nutr Sci"},{"key":"R32-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e478","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30138-5","article-title":"Gender differentials and state variations in suicide deaths in India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016","volume":"3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"R33-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60372-X","article-title":"Suicide","volume":"373","author":"Hawton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R34-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7070-0","article-title":"Prevalence of diarrheal illness and healthcare-seeking behavior by age-group and sex among the population of Gaza strip:A community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Abuzerr","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R35-20241212","first-page":"983","article-title":"Lessons from a decade of suicide surveillance in India:Who, why and how?","volume":"46","author":"Dandona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R36-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0216462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216462","article-title":"Time trends in gender-specific incidence rates of road traffic injuries in Iran","volume":"14","author":"Delavary Foroutaghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R37-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_1214_20","article-title":"Seasonal variation of diarrheal diseases and drinking water quality in resettlement colony in Delhi, India:A community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"65","author":"Nengminza Sangma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"R38-20241212","first-page":"193","article-title":"Admissions to a rural hospital in the West Nile District of Uganda over a 27 year period","volume":"89","author":"Williams","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R39-20241212","first-page":"499","article-title":"Diagnosis of causes of childhood deaths in developing countries by verbal autopsy:Suggested criteria. The SEARCH team","volume":"70","author":"Bang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R40-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005386","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005386","article-title":"Age and sex patterns of premature mortality in India","volume":"4","author":"Dubey","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_3299_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:06:44Z","timestamp":1751497604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/verbal-autopsy-to-assess-causes-of-mortality-among-the-economically-productive-age-group-in-the-tribal-region-of-melghat-central-india\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_3299_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916","0975-9174"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0971-5916"},{"type":"electronic","value":"0975-9174"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-11","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}