{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:29:31Z","timestamp":1787030971127,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is an endocrine emergency presenting with acute-onset flaccid paralysis in a patient having thyrotoxicosis accompanied by hypokalaemia. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile of patients with TPP presenting to three centres in India.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective, observational study was conducted at three tertiary care Armed Forces medical centres, located at Lucknow, Kolkata and Delhi. The history, clinical features, treatment details and outcomes were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Of the 244 patients with thyrotoxicosis, 15 were diagnosed with TPP and included in the study. These 15 patients (14 male and 1 female) had 32 episodes of TPP which were analyzed. The mean age was 30.2\u00b16.2 yr (range: 21-39), and overt thyrotoxicosis was seen in all patients except one who had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Graves\u2019 disease was the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (13\/15) and the remaining two patients had subacute thyroiditis and gestational thyrotoxicosis. Hypokalaemia (serum potassium <3.5 mmol\/l) was seen in 12 patients, and the mean serum potassium was 3.2\u00b10.9 mmol\/l (range: 2.1-4.9). All patients had flaccid weakness, predominantly involving the lower limb with no bulbar, respiratory or cranial nerve involvement. The average duration of paralysis was 10.6\u00b15.7 h (range: 3-28 h).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Our study demonstrated an early age of presentation and presence of clinical and biochemical thyrotoxicosis in majority of patients with TPP. Hypokalaemia may not always be evident in patients with TPP.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_335_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T00:13:21Z","timestamp":1582589601000},"page":"42-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Vishesh","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Kotwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Upreti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.V.S.","family":"Hari Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashpal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil S.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000242249.10856.49","article-title":"Early diagnosis of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: Spot urine calcium to phosphate ratio","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R2-6-20241212","first-page":"274","article-title":"Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: Clinical and molecular aspects","volume":"43","author":"Falhammar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"R3-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.58","article-title":"Novel etiopathophysiological aspects of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis","volume":"7","author":"Maciel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"R4-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64076-5.00032-6","article-title":"Periodic paralysis","volume":"148","author":"Fialho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"R5-6-20241212","first-page":"315","article-title":"Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: An unusual presentation of hyperthyroidism","volume":"75","author":"Salih","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"R6-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13256","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013256","article-title":"Periodic paralysis with normokalemia in a patient with hyperthyroidism: A case report","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"R7-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649502","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/649502","article-title":"Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: clinical challenges","volume":"2014","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thyroid Res"},{"key":"R8-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.99708","article-title":"Comparative study of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis from idiopathic hypokalemic periodic paralysis: An experience from India","volume":"15","author":"Kalita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"R9-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists","volume":"21","author":"Bahn Chair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"R10-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"R11-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390110139031","article-title":"Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis Report of 10 cases and review of electromyographic findings","volume":"149","author":"Kelley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R12-6-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199205000-00001","article-title":"Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in the United States. 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