{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:27:41Z","timestamp":1792726061625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Scrub typhus, caused by <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> present in small mammals harbouring the ectoparasites. A study was undertaken to detect the pathogen present in small mammals and its ectoparasites in the scrub typhus-reported areas.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The small mammals (rodents\/shrews) and its ectoparasites were screened for <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> using nested PCR amplification of the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">groEL<\/jats:italic> gene. Small mammals were collected by trapping and screened for ectoparasites (mites, ticks and fleas) by combing method.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All the chigger mites collected were tested negative for <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly, adult non-trombiculid mites (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Oribatida<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dermanyssus gallinae<\/jats:italic>), fleas (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Xenopsylla astia, X. cheopis, Ctenophalides felis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ctenophalides<\/jats:italic> sp.) and ticks (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. haemaphysaloides<\/jats:italic>) screened were found to be positive for <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>, which the authors believe is the first report on these species globally. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bandicota bengalensis<\/jats:italic> with <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> infection is reported for the first time in India. The <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. tsutsugamushi groEL<\/jats:italic> sequences from the positive samples were similar to the reference strains, Karp and Ikeda and phylogenetically clustered in clade IV with less evolutionary divergence. The blood samples of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Suncus murinus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. bengalensis<\/jats:italic> collected from this area were tested positive for <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>; interestingly, the sequence similarity was much pronounced with their ectoparasites indicating the transmission of the pathogen to host or <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vice versa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The outcome of the present investigations widened our scope on the pathogens present in ectoparasites and rodents\/shrews from this area. This will help to formulate the required vector control methods to combat zoonotic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_3530_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T09:32:19Z","timestamp":1712655139000},"page":"180-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in ectoparasites &amp; their small mammal hosts captured from scrub typhus endemic areas in Madurai district, India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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Alwin Prem","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DBT -BIF Centre, Lady Doak College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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