{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:29:29Z","timestamp":1787030969888,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study of\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n pathogenesis at present is severely hampered by the lack of a relevant animal model that replicates human bacillary dysentery. Different\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n serogroups cause varying severity of clinical illness.\n Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n colonization of\n Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n were characterized in human paediatric colonic pinch biopsies in the\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n organ culture (IVOC) model to study the invasiveness of\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n by gentamicin protection assay (GPA). Furthermore, the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in response to different serotypes of\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n was also studied in IVOC model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n IVOC explants were inoculated with 10\n 9<\/jats:sup>\n colony forming units of different serotypes of\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n and recovery of bacteria studied. Histopathological analysis was carried out to study inflammatory immune responses. GPA was done to elucidate the invasiveness of different serotypes of\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n . Secretions of AMPs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was performed to check the expression of AMPs and nuclear factor kappa B in IVOC explants.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n After 24 h post-infection, the colon biopsies showed intense inflammatory reaction. In both IVOC and GPA,\n S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n 1 was the most invasive as compared to\n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n .\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n was the least invasive. ELISA demonstrated that\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n dampened the HBD (human \u03b2-defensin)-2 responses whereas there was augmentation by\n S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n and there was a modest but non-significant increase by\n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n . A modest increase in HBD-3 by\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n was observed but was not found to be significant. However, western blotting data showed upregulation of all AMPs by all serotypes. Western blotting is more sensitive than ELISA.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n In the present study, differences in invasiveness and AMP production induced by different serotypes of\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n were found. Human intestinal IVOC represents a model system to investigate early interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the human gut.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_4864_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T23:08:58Z","timestamp":1696374538000},"page":"303-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential invasiveness & expression of antimicrobial peptides in Shigella serotypes"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Chandradeo","family":"Narayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical 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