{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:22:35Z","timestamp":1751516555493,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R) is a diagnostic criterion for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). International guidelines propose a 2400 U\/ml cut-off or individual laboratory-defined cut-off. However, sIL2R normal values are so far not known in Indians. So, this study was undertaken to measure sIL2R in healthy children and adults to establish age-related reference values.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Healthy controls and cases (participants with persistent fever, organomegaly, cytopenias and biochemical markers of HLH) were prospectively enrolled. Serum sIL2R was measured by double-sandwich enzyme immunoassay in a standardization batch to determine the optimum cut-off value using receiver operator characteristic curve and was subsequently validated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n One hundred and forty six age- and sex-matched children (80 controls and 66 suspected HLH cases) and 55 adults (49 controls and 6 suspected HLH cases) were prospectively enrolled. The optimal sIL2R cut-off \u226523 ng\/ml was defined as raised sIL2R in the standardization batch. No controls had sIL2R \u226523 ng\/ml in the validation batch. In healthy controls, median sIL2R (interquartile range) decreased with increasing age from 9.0 ng\/ml (6.6-13.4) below five years of age to 3.2 ng\/ml (2.8-5.1) in adults. Proposed upper limit of normal value for sIL2R is 17.4 ng\/ml in less than five year, 12.2 ng\/ml in 5-9 yr, 6.7 ng\/ml in 10-17 yr and 5.2 ng\/ml in \u226518 yr. sIL2R accuracy to diagnose HLH marginally improved with age-appropriate cut-off.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Paediatric controls in India showed higher sIL2R levels than most studies conducted in other countries, except for some reports in Chinese and Russian populations. Age-appropriate reference values of sIL2R in a specific population may be considered to determine elevated sIL2R as a marker of HLH.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_684_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T08:55:32Z","timestamp":1654505732000},"page":"843-848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High soluble interleukin-2 receptor values in Indian paediatric & adult controls \u2013 Need for population-specific threshold in the diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Veronique","family":"Dinand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anupam","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alpana","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepanjali","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirmal Kumar","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70521-9","article-title":"Infection- and malignancy-associated hemophagocytic syndromes. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"12","author":"Janka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R2-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039","article-title":"HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"48","author":"Henter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"R3-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V73.8.2128.2128","article-title":"Elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor in childhood hemophagocytic histiocytic syndromes","volume":"73","author":"Komp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R4-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834c22f5","article-title":"The expanding spectrum of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"11","author":"Filipovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R5-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-2993-y","article-title":"Clinical utility of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in hemophagocytic syndromes: a systematic scoping review","volume":"96","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"R6-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1159\/000477253","article-title":"Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of IL-8, sIL-2R, and immunoglobulin-free light chain levels in patients with myelofibrosis","volume":"40","author":"Barabanshikova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"key":"R7-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00161-8","article-title":"Determination of age-related changes in human soluble interleukin 2 receptor in body fluids of normal subjects as a control value against disease states","volume":"289","author":"Gotoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R8-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5287","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.May.18.21","article-title":"Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor is markedly elevated in childhood hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"R9-12-20241212","first-page":"849","article-title":"Effect of allogeneic blood transfusion on levels of IL-6 and sIL-R2 in peripheral blood of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"R10-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12209","article-title":"Evaluation of the serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor and endothelin-1 in children with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"122","author":"Deveci","year":"2014","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"R11-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm","volume":"367","author":"Bethony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R12-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000135","article-title":"The intestinal protozoa: emerging impact on global health and development","volume":"31","author":"Turkeltaub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R13-12-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3593-8","article-title":"Soluble markers of neutrophil, T-cell and monocyte activation are associated with disease severity and parasitemia in falciparum malaria","volume":"18","author":"Otterdal","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_684_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:04:38Z","timestamp":1751497478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/high-soluble-interleukin-2-receptor-values-in-indian-paediatric-adult-controls-need-for-population-specific-threshold-in-the-diagnosis-of-haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_684_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0971-5916"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}