{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T10:23:01Z","timestamp":1773483781249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Intranasal midazolam-fentanyl is commonly used as pre-medication in paediatric patients, but there is a risk of respiratory depression with this combination. Dexmedetomidine is a drug that preserves respiratory function. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of intranasal midazolam-fentanyl and dexmedetomidine-fentanyl in paediatric patients undergoing elective surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Hundred children in the age group of 3-8 yr of American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status grade 1 were randomized into two groups- group A received intranasal midazolam (0.2 mg\/kg)-fentanyl (2 \u00b5g\/kg) and group B received intranasal dexmedetomidine (1 \u00b5g\/kg)-fentanyl (2 \u00b5g\/kg) 20 min before induction of general anaesthesia. Heart rate and SpO2<\/jats:sub> were monitored. Sedation score, parental separation and response to intravenous cannulation were seen after 20 min. Children were monitored for 2 h for post-operative analgesia by Oucher\u2019s Facial Pain Scale.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Sedation scores were satisfactory in both groups, although children in group A were more sedated than in group B. Parental separation and response to intravenous cannulation were comparable in both the groups. The two groups were also haemodynamically comparable intraoperatively. Post-operative heart rate was also comparable at all-time intervals in both the groups except for heart rate at 100 and 120 min which were more in group A. Group A experienced more post-operative pain as assessed by Oucher\u2019s Facial Pain Scale as compared to group B. Children receiving intranasal dexmedetomidine-fentanyl had better post-operative analgesia as compared to those who received intranasal midazolam-fentanyl.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Both intranasal midazolam with fentanyl and intranasal dexmedetomidine with fentanyl provided satisfactory sedation. Both groups were comparable in separation reaction and response to intravenous cannulation with better post-operative analgesia in children receiving intranasal dexmedetomidine-fentanyl.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_759_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T17:00:55Z","timestamp":1684342855000},"page":"51-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of intranasal midazolam-fentanyl with dexmedetomidine\u2013fentanyl as pre-medication in the paediatric age group"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Tripat","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parmod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanveer 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