{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:52:18Z","timestamp":1791305538920,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with Nigeria among the top five high-burden countries. This cross-sectional laboratory-based study performed high-resolution genotyping of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) polymorphisms in Southwest Nigeria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA was extracted from 50 archived clinical isolates obtained through convenience sampling from four tertiary hospitals in Oyo, Ogun, and Lagos States (January 2023\u2013March 2024). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using primers 27F\/1525R (58\u00b0C annealing, 35 cycles) and sequenced directionally (Phred &gt; 20). After quality filtering, 46 high-quality sequences (1439 bp) were analyzed by BLASTn, aligned with ClustalW, and a neighbor-joining tree (1000 bootstraps, Kimura 2-parameter [K2P + G4 model) was constructed. Genetic diversity, neutrality tests (Tajima\u2019s D, Fu\u2019s Fs), and mismatch distribution (sum of squared deviations [SSD], raggedness) were computed using DnaSP v6.12.03 and Arlequin v3.5.2.2. GC content and nucleotide frequencies were calculated in R v4.5.3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All 50 isolates were confirmed as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (99.86%\u2013100% identity, 99%\u2013100% coverage,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0). Four sequences were excluded, leaving 46 with 7 polymorphic sites. Eighteen haplotypes were identified; Haplotype I was most frequent (12 isolates). Mean K2P distance was 0.122% (0%\u20130.484%). Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.876 \u00b1 0.034 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.808\u20130.944), nucleotide diversity 0.00124 \u00b1 0.00019. Tajima\u2019s D was \u2212 1.428 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.108), Fu\u2019s Fs \u2212 3.842 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.072). Mismatch distribution fit a sudden expansion model (SSD = 0.0032,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.41; raggedness = 0.021,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.68). The phylogenetic tree showed a single cluster with 100% bootstrap support for 45\/46 isolates. Mean GC content was 58.1% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.219,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.200,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.341,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.240). No nontuberculous mycobacteria or drug resistance-associated mutations were detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      16S rRNA sequencing reliably confirms\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Southwest Nigeria and reveals high Hd despite extremely low nucleotide diversity, consistent with recent population expansion. However, this method cannot detect drug resistance mutations, necessitating integration with whole-genome sequencing or targeted resistance gene analysis for effective TB surveillance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_103_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:00:08Z","timestamp":1790823608000},"page":"282-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-resolution Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with 16S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Polymorphisms in Southwest Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2685-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shola Lawrence","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gateway Polytechnic (ICT), Saapade, Ogun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan Olalekan","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gateway Polytechnic (ICT), Saapade, Ogun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeyemo Samson","family":"Adeolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Mountain Top University, Lasisis Kehinde Street, Riverbank Estate, Opic Isheri, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_39_25","article-title":"Influence of Single-nucleotide Polymorphism of INF-\u03b3 (rs. 2430561, +874 A\/T) and Interleukin-10 (rs. 1800896, -1082 A\/G) on the risk of tuberculosis and drug resistance in Kaduna State, 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