{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:32:44Z","timestamp":1787761964198,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, with the development of laboratory methods, the frequency of nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) infections has increased. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) growths in respiratory samples, and the secondary aim was to evaluate the treatment regimens and treatment outcomes of treatment for TDM disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was a retrospective cohort study. Persons with NTM growth in respiratory samples admitted to the reference hospital between 2009 and 2020 were included in this study. Samples detected as NTM by the immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test, those requested by the clinicians, species were determined by the hsp65PCRREA method. The subjects were classified into 3 groups: patients with NTM infection who received treatment (135, 12.7%), those followed up without treatment (690, 65.1%), and a last group of patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TB) complex strains were isolated and received TB treatment (236, 22.2%). Initiating NTM treatment was decided in accordance with the American Thoracic Society recommendations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean \u00b1 standard deviation age of patients was 53.8 \u00b1 16.5 years, and 749 (70.6%) were male. In total, 278 (26.2%) out of 1061 cases had identified, and the most frequent species were MAC (81;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium:<\/jats:italic>\n                      39,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 39, and MAC: 3),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (67),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium kansasii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (48),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (23),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium chelonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (12),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium gordonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium szulgai<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11). In the NTM treatment group, 116 (85.9%) of 135 patients had multiple culture positivity. Previous TB treatment history had 51 (37.8%) of 135 patients, respiratory comorbidities were evident in 37 (27.4%) of 135 patients. Thorax computed tomography imaging in 84 patients revealed nodule 38 (45.2%), consolidation 46 (54.8%), cavity 52 (61.9%), and bronchiectasis 27 (32.1%). Treatment results in the NTM treatment group were as follows: ongoing treatment 14 (10.4%), cure 64 (47.4%), default 33 (24.4%), exitus 19 (14.1%), recurrence 3 (2.2%), and refractory disease 2 (1.5%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a large case series evaluating the clinical significance of NTM growths and NTM treatment in Turkey. The clinical significance of NTM growth in respiratory samples is low. Treatment success rates of NTM patients who are treated are low. Treatment defaults and mortality rates are high. New drugs and new regimens are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_10_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T02:03:48Z","timestamp":1678759428000},"page":"55-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolation from Sputum Specimens: A Retrospective Analysis of 1061 Cases"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aylin","family":"Babal\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul Health Science University, S\u00fcreyyapa\u015fa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine Nur","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul Health Science University, S\u00fcreyyapa\u015fa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamide G\u00fcl","family":"\u015eekerbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul Health Science University, S\u00fcreyyapa\u015fa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl Erdal","family":"D\u00f6nmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul Health Science University, S\u00fcreyyapa\u015fa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul Health Science University, S\u00fcreyyapa\u015fa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeki","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement:Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R2-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000535","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease:An official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"56","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333575","article-title":"Management of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease","volume":"34","author":"Philley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R4-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00110","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00110-2018","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease over the last two decades in a region of the Basque country","volume":"5","author":"Pedrero","year":"2019","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"R6-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210927","article-title":"British Thoracic society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD)","volume":"72","author":"Haworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R7-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12251","article-title":"Trends in nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in hospitalized subjects in Spain (1997-2010) according to HIV infection","volume":"16","author":"\u00c1lvaro-Meca","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"R8-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2014.11.016","article-title":"Rapid identification of environmental NTM species using molecular genotyping","volume":"4","author":"Malekshahian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacteriol"},{"key":"R9-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1086\/648443","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and risk factors:A changing epidemiology","volume":"49","author":"Cassidy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4343","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05995-11","article-title":"Performance of the MGIT TBc identification test and meta-analysis of MPT64 assays for identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in liquid culture","volume":"49","author":"Brent","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800170","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00170-2018","article-title":"Treatment outcome definitions in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease:An NTM-NET consensus statement","volume":"51","author":"van","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R12-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.09.021","article-title":"Clinical significance of a single isolation of pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria from sputum specimens","volume":"75","author":"Koh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R13-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.08.025","article-title":"Factors associated with subsequent nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in patients with a single sputum isolate on initial examination","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"R14-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.3.667","article-title":"Diagnosis of disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex","volume":"99","author":"Tsukamura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R15-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602503","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02503-2016","article-title":"Outcomes of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease based on clinical phenotype","volume":"50","author":"Koh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.07.034","article-title":"Hospitalization risk for medicare beneficiaries with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"160","author":"Prevots","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R17-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.04.017","article-title":"Clinical significance of isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria in pulmonary tuberculosis patients","volume":"103","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R18-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1318OC","article-title":"Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension for treatment-refractory lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (CONVERT). A prospective, open-label, randomized study","volume":"198","author":"Griffith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R19-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7020027","article-title":"Factors associated with treatment outcome in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease:A large population-based retrospective cohort study in Shanghai","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2022.106738","article-title":"Impact of emphysema on the prognosis of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease","volume":"192","author":"Takasaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R21-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900798","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00798-2019","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with long-term mortality in 1445 patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease:A 15-year follow-up study","volume":"55","author":"Jhun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R22-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx311","article-title":"Meta-analyses and the evidence base for microbial outcomes in the treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare complex disease","volume":"72","author":"Pasipanodya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R23-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.01.024","article-title":"Microbiologic outcome of interventions against Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease:A systematic review","volume":"153","author":"Diel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R24-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-006-0457-8","article-title":"Relationship between clinical efficacy of treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease and drug-sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates","volume":"12","author":"Kobashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"R25-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0351-x","article-title":"Relationship between clinical efficacy for pulmonary MAC and drug-sensitivity test for isolated MAC in a recent 6-year period","volume":"18","author":"Kobashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"R26-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2538","article-title":"Macrolide\/azalide therapy for nodular\/bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease","volume":"146","author":"Wallace","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R27-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1545OC","article-title":"Intermittent antibiotic therapy for nodular bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease","volume":"191","author":"Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R28-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6758","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01240-16","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and resistance mutations associated with macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease","volume":"60","author":"Moon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R29-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201604-246OC","article-title":"Macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease:Analysis of 102 consecutive cases","volume":"13","author":"Morimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R30-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.01.007","article-title":"The clinical efficacy of a clarithromycin-based regimen for Mycobacterium avium complex disease:A nationwide post-marketing study","volume":"23","author":"Kadota","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"R31-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90550-2","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii:Results of 18 versus 12 months'chemotherapy","volume":"76","author":"Sauret","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tuber Lung Dis"},{"key":"R32-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00024008","article-title":"Long-term relapses after 12-month treatment for Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease","volume":"33","author":"Santin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R33-20240902","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii","volume":"128","author":"Ahn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"R34-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1086\/529443","article-title":"Clinical relevance of Mycobacterium szulgai in The Netherlands","volume":"46","author":"van","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R35-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.105808","article-title":"The clinical significance of Mycobacterium triplex","volume":"159","author":"Gibson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R36-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0704OC","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease:A retrospective analysis of 65 patients","volume":"180","author":"Jeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R37-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw130","article-title":"Standardized interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility testing and resistance genotyping for Mycobacterium abscessus with regard to subspecies and erm41 sequevar","volume":"71","author":"Mougari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R38-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0395OC","article-title":"Clinical significance of differentiation of Mycobacterium massiliense from Mycobacterium abscessus","volume":"183","author":"Koh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_10_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:09:26Z","timestamp":1787760566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_10_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_10_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531","2212-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}