{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:52:19Z","timestamp":1791305539726,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an acute inflammatory complication of multibacillary leprosy. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates inflammatory signaling, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability. We compared whole-blood HMGB1 and VEGF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression across leprosy groups and assessed their correlations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study included 146 participants: 35 with ENL, 36 with multibacillary leprosy without ENL, 38 with paucibacillary leprosy, and 37 healthy controls. HMGB1 and VEGF mRNA expression was measured by one-step SYBR Green quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Group differences were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      testing, correlations by Pearson\u2019s coefficient, and ENL versus multibacillary disease by multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, bacterial index, and disease duration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HMGB1 expression differed across groups (13.530, 12.478, 9.585, and 9.442; F[3,142] =1579.960;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; \u03b7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.971), as did VEGF (10.992, 9.885, 8.341, and 8.277; F[3,142] =656.570;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; \u03b7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.933). ENL showed the highest expression; multibacillary leprosy without ENL was intermediate, and paucibacillary leprosy did not differ from controls. After adjustment, ENL remained associated with higher HMGB1 (B = 1.223; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.907\u20131.539) and VEGF expression (B = 1.327; 95% CI: 0.991\u20131.662); both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001. HMGB1 and VEGF were strongly correlated within all groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.980\u20130.989; all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ENL was associated with the highest HMGB1 and VEGF mRNA expression. Their strong co-variation does not establish a direct HMGB1\u2013VEGF pathway or diagnostic validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_145_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:00:31Z","timestamp":1790823631000},"page":"272-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Expression and Correlation of High-mobility Group Box 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid across Leprosy Clinical Groups and Healthy Controls: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rizki Amelia","family":"Noviyanthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosdiana","family":"Natzir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairuddin","family":"Djawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siswanto","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luh Made Mas","family":"Rusyati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sanglah Hospital, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ressy","family":"Dwiyanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Forensic and Medicolegal, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ade Rifka","family":"Junita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azhar","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Reza","family":"Primaguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, RSUD Kota Kendari, Kendari, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Indah","family":"Purnamasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Haluoleo University, Kendari, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Syukri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Central General Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Ezra","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Central General Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andini","family":"Febrianty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and Medicolegal, RS Syech Yusuf, Gowa, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8456-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mochammad","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 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