{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:41:16Z","timestamp":1788972076478,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is prevalent worldwide and causes significant morbidity and mortality. TB is known to cause hypercalcemia. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for developing hypercalcemia among patients with TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective case\u2013control study, patients with microbiological evidence of TB and an available serum calcium value were included between 2005 and 2016. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory details were recorded. Various risk factors were compared in TB patients with and without hypercalcemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 129 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty percent were found to have an elevated serum calcium level, 65% of them had clinical features of hypercalcemia. In comparison, the odds of developing hypercalcemia in the presence of disseminated TB, diabetes and renal failure was 1.83, 1.60, and 7.33, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-fifth of patients with TB have hypercalcemia. Risk factors of the same are renal failure, diabetes, and disseminated TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_211_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T09:01:10Z","timestamp":1707728470000},"page":"7-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Risk Factors for Hypercalcemia in Patients with Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sujith Mathew","family":"John","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheeba","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshi Krishnakumari","family":"Aparna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.036","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection treatment initiation and completion rates in persons seeking immigration and healthcare workers","volume":"132","author":"Lal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R4-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.192327","article-title":"Severe hypercalcemia in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"Rajendra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R5-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-3-324","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in active pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"90","author":"Abbasi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R6-2-20240212","first-page":"349","article-title":"Low incidence of hypercalcaemia in tuberculosis in Malaysia","volume":"96","author":"Tan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R7-2-20240212","first-page":"23","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and acute pancreatitis in a male patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia and pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"Abdullah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"R8-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.222012","article-title":"Annular cutaneous sarcoidosis with systemic involvement","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R9-2-20240212","first-page":"271","article-title":"prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis using total serum calcium and albumin-corrected calcium: A prospective study in tertiary center hospital in Nepal","volume":"2017","author":"Pokharel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Res Pract"},{"key":"R10-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_171_17","article-title":"Splenic granuloma: Melioidosis or tuberculosis?","volume":"7","author":"Ninan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R11-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"omx049","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omx049","article-title":"Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as cold abscess of the thyroid gland-a case report","volume":"2017","author":"Dv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"R12-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2017.08.012","article-title":"Localized hepatic tuberculosis presenting as severe hypercalcemia","volume":"65","author":"Arrais Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"R13-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02119-y","article-title":"Fahr's syndrome: A case of unwanted calcium in the brain","volume":"14","author":"Sahu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"R14-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0368-x","article-title":"Calcium balance in chronic kidney disease","volume":"15","author":"Hill Gallant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"R15-2-20240212","first-page":"702","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in active pulmonary tuberculosis and its occurrence in relation to the radiographic extent of disease","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R16-2-20240212","first-page":"613","article-title":"The prevalence of hypercalcaemia in pulmonary and miliary tuberculosis-a longitudinal study","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"R17-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.1019","article-title":"Hypercalcaemia in Greek patients with tuberculosis before the initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment","volume":"95","author":"Roussos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R18-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3109\/03009739009178584","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"95","author":"Lind","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"R19-2-20240212","first-page":"67","article-title":"Serum calcium levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"26","author":"Ali-Gombe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"R20-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-2-255","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis","volume":"96","author":"Kitrou","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R21-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016654486","article-title":"Simple telephone call a feasible, useful and acceptable method of following up patients with cerebrovascular accidents: Prospective Cohort study in South India","volume":"11","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"R22-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475517724689","article-title":"Rifampicin-induced immune allergic reaction","volume":"48","author":"Sadanshiv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"R23-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12788","article-title":"Successful treatment of tuberculosis-associated hypercalcemia with denosumab in a patient with acute kidney injury","volume":"23","author":"Torres-Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"R25-2-20240212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_426_17","article-title":"Ileal tuberculosis causing hypercalcemia and renal failure","volume":"29","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"R26-2-20240212","first-page":"71","article-title":"Tuberculous cold abscess eroding iliac bone","volume":"53","author":"Lal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Esp Patol"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_211_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:22:31Z","timestamp":1787836951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_211_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_211_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}