{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:32:18Z","timestamp":1787841138640,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"\n The\n Mycobacterium avium complex<\/jats:italic>\n (MAC), consisting mainly of\n M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Mycobacterium intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n , is a group of nontuberculous mycobacteria found in water, soil, and aerosols. While generally low in pathogenicity for immunocompetent individuals, MAC can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus\/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, organ transplants, or on immunosuppressive therapy. Although pulmonary infections are most common, extrapulmonary infections like spondylodiscitis are becoming important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This report describes a case of\n M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n spondylodiscitis in a 79-year-old woman with a history of myelofibrosis, treated with ruxolitinib, and previous\n M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n infection. The patient presented with fever and exacerbated bone pain, particularly in the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints. Diagnostic imaging and microbiological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis caused by\n M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n . Despite the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, including azithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and amikacin, the patient developed severe acute respiratory failure and ultimately succumbed to respiratory distress, likely secondary to pulmonary edema from the infection. This case underscores the rarity and diagnostic complexity of\n M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n -induced spondylodiscitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. It highlights the critical need for early clinical suspicion, microbiological confirmation, and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, including both pharmacological and surgical interventions when necessary.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_230_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T19:00:20Z","timestamp":1757962820000},"page":"306-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spondylodiscitis by Mycobacterium avium in an Immunocompromised Patient: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5185-3247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital - Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azahara","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Aguilera-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital - Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Del Carmen","family":"Ortega-Gavil\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital - Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara Beatriz","family":"Palacios-Morenilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital - Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0045-2017","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease","volume":"5","author":"Daley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"R2-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00949.x","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"10","author":"Petitjean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"R3-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/517096","article-title":"Atypical mycobacterial vertebral osteomyelitis: Case report and review","volume":"26","author":"Sarria","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20240122-05","article-title":"Atypical mycobacterial infections of the spine: Evaluation and management","volume":"47","author":"Wessell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"R6-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.MS653001","article-title":"Pyogenic spondylitis: Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"65","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kurume Med J"},{"key":"R7-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3143-4","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium complex vertebral osteomyelitis in the absence of HIV infection: A case report and review","volume":"18","author":"Gray","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-20250915","first-page":"71","article-title":"A M. avium complex spondylodiscitis in a middle-aged woman with diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Gerogianni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"R9-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e931595","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.931595","article-title":"Recurrence of disseminated Mycobacterium avium intracellulare presenting as spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"R10-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2016.1158418","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria: Predisposing conditions and clinical characteristics of six cases and a review of 63 cases in the literature","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_230_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:43:18Z","timestamp":1787838198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_230_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_230_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531","2212-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}