{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:05:03Z","timestamp":1790867103822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, necessitating comprehensive research to understand genetic factors influencing susceptibility and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of drug resistance, analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFN-\u03b3 (reference SNP. 2430561, +874 Adenine\/Thymine) and IL-10 (reference SNP.1800896, -1082 Adenine\/Guanine), and assess their associations with age and sex among a cross section of TB patients in Kaduna state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 140 participants, comprising drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) patients, drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) patients, and Apparently Healthy controls (AHCs), were enrolled. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted, and SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. Associations between genotypes, alleles, age, and sex were analyzed. Odd ratios and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were employed for demographic and genetic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In DR-TB, significant associations were observed between IFN-\u03b3 genotypes\/alleles and increased susceptibility, with thymine thymine (TT) genotype and T allele showing higher frequency. For IL-10, guanine guanine (GG) genotype and G allele were prevalent, indicating potential associations with DR-TB risk. In DS-TB, similar trends were observed, highlighting potential genetic influences on susceptibility. HWE analysis revealed significant deviations in some groups, suggesting genetic variations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of specific genotypes and alleles indicates potential genetic markers for risk assessment. Deviations from HWE suggest population-specific genetic variations. These findings underscore the importance of genetic factors in TB outcomes and advocate for tailored interventions for different populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_39_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T15:00:11Z","timestamp":1750431611000},"page":"170-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of Single-nucleotide Polymorphism of INF-\u03b3 (rs.2430561, +874 A\/T) and Interleukin-10 (rs.1800896, \u22121082 A\/G) on the Risk of Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance in Kaduna State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Suzie","family":"Madaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Basic Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5599-2161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Basic Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawal Dahiru","family":"Rogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustapha","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Basic Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazeed Garba","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Center, Molecular Laboratory, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umar Aliyu","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria North West Zonal TB Reference Laboratory, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","first-page":"76","article-title":"A comparative study of health-related quality of life among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in Southwest Nigeria","volume":"35","author":"Adebayo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Community Med Prim Health 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