{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:40Z","timestamp":1786649800485,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), especially rifampicin-resistant\/multidrug-resistant TB (RR\/MDR-TB), remains difficult to treat due to toxic aminoglycosides. The World Health Organization recommended all-oral bedaquiline-based regimens, but evidence comparing their effectiveness to injectable-containing regimens is limited. This study evaluated treatment success between both approaches.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This was a retrospective study, which included 114 adults aged 18 years and above with RR\/MDR-TB treated at Kibong\u2019oto Infectious Diseases Hospital with either a 9\u201311-month injectable-containing regimen from 2018 to 2019 or a modified all-oral bedaquiline regimen from June 2020 to May 2021. Patients were followed monthly for smear\/culture conversion and clinical outcomes up to 12 months posttreatment. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 114 patients, 71 (62.3%) received an all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen. Overall, 80 (70.2%) patients were male, with a median age of 37 years (interquartile range: 29\u201348); 27 (23.9%) patients were human immunodeficiency virus infected, and 37 (22.5%) had prior TB treatment. Culture conversion at month 2 occurred in all 43 patients on injectable regimens, compared to 63 (90%) patients on all-oral regimens (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03). Treatment success was higher in the all-oral group at 63 (94.4%), compared to 33 (76.7%) in the injectable group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). Mortality was 7 (14.0%) in the injectable group and 4 (5.6%) in the all-oral group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n All-oral bedaquiline regimens demonstrated higher treatment success and lower 12-month posttreatment mortality, while injectable regimens had faster culture conversion at month 2, but poorer overall outcomes, supporting the use of all-oral treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_98_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T20:00:12Z","timestamp":1766088012000},"page":"340-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Treatment Outcomes of Shorter Regimen in Modified All Oral Regimen with Injectable in Patients Treated for Rifampicin-resistant\/Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Happiness Cornel","family":"Mvungi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Training, KCMC University, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"},{"name":"Medical Department, Kibong\u2019oto Infectious Diseases Hospital, Siha, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Masunga","family":"Mbelele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Kibong\u2019oto Infectious Diseases Hospital, Siha, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassim Salim","family":"Msaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Kibong\u2019oto Infectious Diseases Hospital, Siha, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stellah George","family":"Mpagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Kibong\u2019oto Infectious Diseases Hospital, Siha, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadija Hamis","family":"Semvua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Training, KCMC University, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230628","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-230628","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and multidrug-resistant HIV (MDR-HIV) syndemic: Challenges in resource limited setting","volume":"12","author":"Francisco","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case 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concomitantly with antiretroviral agents","volume":"21","author":"Sagwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602308","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02308-2016","article-title":"World Health Organization treatment guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2016 update","volume":"49","author":"Falzon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0468","article-title":"The devil we know: Is the use of injectable agents for the treatment of MDR-TB justified?","volume":"21","author":"Reuter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13867","article-title":"Shorter regimens improved treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Tanzania in 2018 cohort","volume":"28","author":"Mleoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2117166","article-title":"A 24-Week, All-oral regimen for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"387","author":"Nyang\u2019wa","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2021.1679","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of fully oral modified shorter treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Georgia, 2019\u20132020","volume":"91","author":"Avaliani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"R17-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700387","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00387-2017","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB: a multicentre study","volume":"49","author":"Borisov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R18-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00811-2","article-title":"Treatment outcomes 24 months after initiating short, all-oral bedaquiline-containing or injectable-containing rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens in South Africa: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Ndjeka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16010144","article-title":"Drug exposure and susceptibility of pyrazinamide correlate with treatment response in pyrazinamide-susceptible patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"R21-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30047-3","article-title":"Drug-associated adverse events in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: An individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R22-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811867","article-title":"A trial of a shorter regimen for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"380","author":"Nunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R23-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06666-8","article-title":"Efficacy of bedaquiline in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R24-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3563","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1894","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of an all-oral, bedaquiline-based, shorter treatment regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden rural south Africa: A retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"73","author":"Tack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700387","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00387-2017","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB: A multicentre study","volume":"49","author":"Borisov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R26-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901814","article-title":"Treatment of highly drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"382","author":"Conradie","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_98_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:33Z","timestamp":1786647513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_98_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_98_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531","2212-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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