{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:29:32Z","timestamp":1787030972463,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["indianjnephrol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJN"],"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Dietary acid load (DAL), which reflects the balance between acid- and alkaline-forming foods, is a modifiable risk factor for metabolic acidosis in CKD. Owing to the paucity of data in the Indian context, we undertook this cross-sectional study to estimate DAL and assess acid and alkaline food consumption in children with CKD2-5D (Chronic kidney disease stage 2 to 5 and 5D-those on hemodialysis).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Clinical profile, dietary assessment of energy, protein intake\/deficits, and macronutrients were noted and computed using software created by the division of nutrition, St John\u2019s research institute based on Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines in clinically stable children with CKD2-5D. DAL was estimated using potential renal acid load (PRAL in mEq\/day) = (0.49 \u00d7 protein intake in g\/day) + (0.037 \u00d7 phosphorus-intake in mg\/day) \u2212 (0.02 \u00d7 potassium intake in mg\/day) \u2212 (0.013 \u00d7 calcium intake in mg\/day) \u2212 (0.027 \u00d7 magnesium intake in mg\/day). A positive dietary PRAL (>0) favors acidic content and negative (<0) favors alkaline content. PRAL was stratified into quartiles for analysis. The association of various clinical and dietary parameters were analysed across these quartiles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Eighty-one children [of mean age 122 \u00b1 47 months; 56 (69%) boys, 29 (36%) on dialysis, 62 (77%) non-vegetarians] were studied. Twenty-eight (34%) were on bicarbonate supplements. A positive PRAL (9.97 \u00b1 7.7 mEq\/day) was observed in 74\/81 (91%) children with comparable proportions in those with CKD2-5 and 5D [47\/52 (90%) vs. 27\/29 (93%) respectively,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05]. Protein intake was significantly higher in the highest quartile compared to the lowest quartile of PRAL in CKD2-5 (55 \u00b1 16 g\/day vs. 40 \u00b1 14 g\/day,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and 5D groups (47 \u00b1 15 g\/day vs. 25 \u00b1 11 g\/day,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002). A majority of the participants 60\/81 (74%) consumed highly acidic and minimal alkali foods.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n In children with CKD2-5D, PRAL estimation revealed high DAL in the majority with a high consumption of acidic foods. These findings provide implications for appropriate dietary counseling in children with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_29_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T08:57:14Z","timestamp":1711702634000},"page":"50-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of Dietary Acid Load in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Madhileti","family":"Sravani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, St John\u2019s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheeba","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, St John\u2019s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpana","family":"Iyengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, St John\u2019s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_29_23\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2022.03.008","article-title":"Dietary contributions to metabolic acidosis","volume":"29","author":"Frassetto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_29_23\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-1020-1","article-title":"Diet and kidney function: A literature review","volume":"22","author":"Van Westing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens 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