{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T11:10:18Z","timestamp":1729941018012,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the utility of beta-2 microglobulin (\u03b22M) has been explored in various renal conditions to identify tubulointerstitial damage, it has not been adequately studied in nephrotic syndrome. The primary objective of the study was to compare urinary \u03b22M levels in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in disease remission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care hospital between April 2019 and March 2020. Sixty children (2\u201318 years) with SSNS and SRNS (30 in each group) in remission were enrolled. SRNS patients were included after \u22651 year of treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). Biochemical investigations were done to confirm remission; spot samples for urinary \u03b22M were collected and estimation was done by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based kit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 60 children, 63% were boys. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at enrollment for SSNS and SRNS patients was 7 (4.1\u20139) and 11 (8.3\u201312) years, respectively. Urinary \u03b22M levels were significantly higher in SRNS patients compared to SSNS patients (2.6 vs. 0.75 \u03bcg\/ml,<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001). Patients who received cyclosporine for &gt;2 years had higher median urinary \u03b22M levels compared to those who received it for a shorter period (2.63 vs. 1.83 \u03bcg\/ml,<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>= 0.03). Median \u03b22M levels were higher in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis than minimal change disease (3.5 vs. 2.5 \u03bcg\/ml).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary \u03b22M levels were higher in SRNS compared to SSNS disease in remission, and \u03b22M levels correlated well with CNI use of &gt;2 years. It appears to be a promising noninvasive tool to identify early tubular damage and progression in patients with nephrotic syndrome, especially SRNS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_339_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T16:25:15Z","timestamp":1692375915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Urinary Beta-2 Microglobulin Levels in Children with SSNS and Calcineurin Inhibitor\u2013Treated SRNS"],"prefix":"10.25259","author":[{"given":"Deepika","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mukta","family":"Mantan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 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