{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:53Z","timestamp":1786649753705,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings of retinal microvasculature in anisometropic amblyopic eyes with fellow eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comparative observational study was conducted in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia to compare the OCTA findings of retinal microvasculature between amblyopic and normal fellow eyes. Major outcome measures included superficial vessel density, deep vessel density, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters (area, perimetry, acircularity index) of amblyopic eye and fellow eye on OCTA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study involved 40 children with a mean age of 10.25 \u00b1 3.07 years. Amblyopic eyes showed significantly reduced vessel density in the superficial and deep plexuses compared to fellow eyes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Reductions were more pronounced in severe amblyopia, with significant foveal differences in superficial (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04) and deep layers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). A significant negative correlation was observed between best corrected visual acuity and vessel density.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found reduced retinal vessel density in anisometropic amblyopic eyes, particularly in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses. Vessel density correlates with the severity of amblyopia, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for disease progression and severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1047_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1756483333000},"page":"1376-1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of retinal microvasculature in anisometropic amblyopic and healthy eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Tisha Thomas","family":"Menacherry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Ophthalmology Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Sivanandapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V Rajesh","family":"Prabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismology Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Sivanandapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagadeesh Kumar","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Sivanandapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suruthi","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismology Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Sivanandapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mithun","family":"Thulasidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cataract and Glaucoma Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Sivanandapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_11_19","article-title":"Simplified updates on the pathophysiology and recent developments in the treatment of amblyopia: A review","volume":"67","author":"Gopal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79585-4","article-title":"Effect of amblyopia treatment on macular microvasculature in children with anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomographic angiography","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.10.008","article-title":"Amblyopia preferred practice pattern\u00ae","volume":"125","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0877-0","article-title":"Assessing amblyopia treatment using multifocal visual evoked potentials","volume":"18","author":"Jang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.1.197","article-title":"Critical period for monocular deprivation in the cat visual cortex","volume":"67","author":"Daw","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E014","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523817000219","article-title":"Critical periods in amblyopia","volume":"35","author":"Hensch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.07.002","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography: A comprehensive review of current methods and clinical applications","volume":"60","author":"Kashani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.3423","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic angiography in children with amblyopia","volume":"135","author":"Lonngi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.05.007","article-title":"Bilateral abnormalities of optic nerve size and eye shape in unilateral amblyopia","volume":"148","author":"Pineles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000583","article-title":"Meta-analysis of retinal changes in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2019.01.017","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of retinal microcirculation in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia: An optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"23","author":"Do\u011fuizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33196","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033196","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal microcirculation alterations using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with hyperopia ametropic amblyopia: A case-control study","volume":"102","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.3.39","article-title":"Macular microvasculature and associated retinal layer thickness in pediatric amblyopia: Magnification-corrected analyses","volume":"62","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R15-20260420","first-page":"9431044","article-title":"Analysis of macular retinal thickness and microvascular system changes in children with monocular hyperopic anisometropia and severe amblyopia","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2017.0101","article-title":"Macular thickness in moderate to severe amblyopia","volume":"32","author":"Rajavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2319_19","article-title":"Evaluation of amblyopic eyes with optical coherence tomography angiography and electrophysiological tests","volume":"69","author":"Hamurcu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20191004-01","article-title":"Comparison of retinal vascular structure in eyes with and without amblyopia by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"57","author":"Cinar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"R19-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.018","article-title":"Retinal microvascular network and microcirculation assessments in high myopia","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.03.009","article-title":"OCT angiography findings in children with amblyopia","volume":"22","author":"Sobral","year":"2018","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R21-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26416","article-title":"Retinal microvasculature in amblyopic children and the quantitative relationship between retinal perfusion and thickness","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R22-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29816-1","article-title":"Microvasculature evaluation of anisometropic amblyopia children by Angio-OCT","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R23-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.12.009","article-title":"Microvascular changes in amblyopic eyes detected by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"23","author":"Karabulut","year":"2019","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R24-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231188987","article-title":"Retinal microvascular changes in unilateral functional amblyopia detected by OCT-angiography and follow-up during treatment","volume":"34","author":"Errera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.05.002","article-title":"Comparison of quantitative measurement of foveal avascular zone and macular vessel density in eyes of children with amblyopia and healthy controls: An optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"21","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R26-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2220","article-title":"Association of optical coherence tomography angiography metrics with detection of impaired macular microvasculature and decreased vision in amblyopic eyes: The Hong Kong children eye study","volume":"138","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1177-z","article-title":"Foveal avascular zone and macular vessel density after correction for magnification error in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"19","author":"Araki","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1069_18","article-title":"Assessment of macular vascular plexus density using optical coherence tomography angiography in cases of strabismic amblyopia","volume":"67","author":"Pujari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1047_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:01Z","timestamp":1786647481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1047_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1047_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}