{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:56:21Z","timestamp":1791608181854,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macular edema is a leading cause of vision impairment in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). While anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies are commonly used, some patients experience persistent or recurrent edema despite multiple injections. Subthreshold micropulse (STMP) laser therapy using a 532 nm green laser has emerged as a potential alternative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective interventional cohort study included 30 eyes with persistent macular edema secondary to BRVO, unresponsive to at least three prior anti-VEGF injections. Participants underwent 532 nm STMP laser treatment, with follow-up assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months. Primary outcomes measured were changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) over the 6-month period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean baseline BCVA was 0.80 \u00b1 0.24 LogMAR, improving to 0.72 \u00b1 0.34 at 6 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.04). CMT significantly decreased from 448 \u00b1 68.77 \u00b5m at baseline to 353.23 \u00b1 88.33 \u00b5m at 6 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Complete resolution of macular edema was observed in 16.67% of eyes at 3 months and 33.33% at 6 months. Rescue laser treatment was required in 20% of eyes at 3 months. No procedure-related complications were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 532 nm STMP laser therapy appears to be a safe and effective treatment for persistent macular edema secondary to BRVO, offering significant anatomical and functional improvements over a 6-month period. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are recommended to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1081_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T16:13:57Z","timestamp":1761668037000},"page":"1675-1678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of subthreshold micropulse photocoagulation using 532 nm green laser for persistent macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Vikas","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AFCME, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Ambiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vipin","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital Eastern Command, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod K","family":"Baranwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182870c15","article-title":"Branch retinal vein occlusion: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications: An update of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Jaulim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R2-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79522-5","article-title":"Relationship between distribution and severity of non-perfusion and cytokine levels and macular thickness in branch retinal vein occlusion","volume":"11","author":"Ryu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R3-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(84)90316-7","article-title":"Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion","volume":"98","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.12.005","article-title":"Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: Long-term follow-up in the HORIZON trial","volume":"119","author":"Heier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R6-20260419","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Twelve-month outcomes of ranibizumab versus aflibercept for macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion: Data from the FRB! 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