{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1790116520770,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose is to study the correlation between dry eye and refractive errors in young adults using noninvasive Keratograph.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross sectional study, a total of 126 participants in the age range of 19\u201325 years and who were free of ocular surface disease, were recruited from King Saud University Campus. Refraction was defined by the spherical equivalent (SE) as the following: 49 emmetropic eyes (\u00b10.50 SE), 48 myopic eyes (\u2264\u22120.75 SE and above), and 31 hyperopic eyes (&gt;+0.75 SE). All participants underwent full ophthalmic examinations assessing their refractive status and dryness level including noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height using Keratograph 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of dry eye was 24.6%, 36.5%, and 17.4% in emmetropes, myopes, and hypermetropes, respectively. NIBUT has a negative correlation with hyperopia and a positive correlation with myopia with a significant reduction in the average NIBUT in myopes and hypermetropes in comparison to emmetropes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current results succeeded to demonstrate a correlation between refractive errors and dryness level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1103_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T08:09:28Z","timestamp":1524211768000},"page":"653-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Correlation between dry eye and refractive error in Saudi young adults using noninvasive Keratograph 4"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Rania M","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Aldarwesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-004-0077-2","article-title":"Dry eye: Diagnosis and current treatment strategies","volume":"4","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"R2-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70081-2","article-title":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease: 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