{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:35:06Z","timestamp":1788546906816,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Among the mucosal involvement in Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome (SJS), the eye is a significant component. Severe complications may result in vision impairment and, in extreme cases, the loss of the globe. Therefore, it is essential that ocular manifestations are effectively managed. The classification of ocular SJS\/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in acute and chronic stages has evolved over time. In light of these developments, the management of the disease has also undergone significant improvements. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) represents an efficacious approach to controlling acute inflammation, particularly in cases of severe or extreme severity. Practical methods, such as ProKera\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    or sutureless AMT, have been introduced. To successfully manage the chronic stage, it is of the utmost importance to correctly identify the underlying problem. In addition to various techniques such as minor salivary gland transplantation and punctal occlusion, the rehabilitative management of the ocular surface also encompasses the utilization of specially designed scleral lenses, namely Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem (PROSE). Autologous mucosal membrane grafting, a technique that has been in use for many years, has recently seen a resurgence in popularity. In the context of limbal stem cell transplantation procedures, the introduction of cultured limbal epithelial transplantation and simple limbal epithelial transplantation represents a significant advancement. Although the success rate of keratoplasty and keratoprosthesis remains low, establishing good ocular surface homeostasis beforehand significantly improves the outcome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1119_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T19:00:39Z","timestamp":1764010839000},"page":"1711-1722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ocular involvement in Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A review of current management and changing trends"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Akgun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamze Dereli","family":"Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retinag\u00f6z Eye Hospital, Bursa, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem Barut","family":"Selver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ocular Surface Research Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"},{"name":"LimbuStem R&D Medical Products Ltd., Ege University Technopark, Izmir, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell, Ege University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey"},{"name":"Cord Blood Cell-Tissue Application and Research Center, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61112-X","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A review of the literature","volume":"94","author":"Letko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R2-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000312","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and their management","volume":"27","author":"Saeed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000646","article-title":"Incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and chemical burns to the eye","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R4-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040622319894469","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622319894469","article-title":"Multidisciplinary care in Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Shanbhag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"R5-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.252","article-title":"ALDEN, an algorithm for assessment of drug causality in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Comparison with case-control analysis","volume":"88","author":"Sassolas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R6-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.027","article-title":"Adjuvant role of amniotic membrane transplantation in acute ocular Stevens-Johnson syndrome: A randomized control trial","volume":"123","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-20260419","first-page":"267","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN): Immunologic Reactions","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologic Critical Care"},{"key":"R8-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30811-1","article-title":"Analysis of the acute ophthalmic manifestations of the erythema multiforme\/Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis disease spectrum","volume":"102","author":"Power","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R9-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-021-01351-2","article-title":"[Ocular involvement in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis]","volume":"118","author":"Chronopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"R10-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.12.001","article-title":"Burn unit care of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis: A survey","volume":"42","author":"Le","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"R11-20260419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.02.001","article-title":"Acute and chronic ophthalmic \u0131nvolvement in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis - A comprehensive review and guide to therapy. 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