{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:27:39Z","timestamp":1789759659066,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the utility of biologics in noninfectious uveitis and other ocular inflammatory diseases in a South Indian patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective observational study conducted at the uveitis and ocular inflammatory diseases clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in South India between 2016 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Records of 76 patients on biologics were retrieved from our databases. The mean age was 34.84 \u00b1 17.383 years. In 75% of patients, the duration of follow-up was 52.75 months. Overall, anterior nongranulomatous uveitis was the most common anatomic type of uveitis (34.21%). HLA B27-associated uveitis was the most common etiology (34.21%) in whom biologics were used. Patients &lt;18 years of age formed 23.7% with a mean age of 10.77 \u00b1 2.75 years. Mean duration of follow-up in patients &lt;18 years of age was 36 months. In this subgroup, panuveitis was the most common anatomic subtype (61.1%) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis was the most common etiology (27.7%). The most commonly used biologic in this study was adalimumab (36.84%). Additional conventional immunomodulators were used along with biologics in 50 patients (65.78%), of which methotrexate was the most common (50%). Adalimumab and rituximab were biosimilars, while tofacitinib was the generic version. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of flareups post-biologics (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Adverse effects were seen in 14 patients (18.42%). The success rate of biologics was low in the parsplanitis group &lt;18 years (33.3%), Blau-associated uveitis (50%), and idiopathic uveitis (30%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we have analyzed the results of biologics in different anatomic types of ocular inflammation and etiologies. The success rate of biologics was low in parsplanitis, idiopathic uveitis, and Blau-associated uveitis and higher in other etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1126_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T03:01:57Z","timestamp":1726023717000},"page":"267-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biologics in ocular inflammatory diseases \u2013 Experience from a tertiary referral eye care center in South India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uvea and Ocular Inflammation, Prabha Eye Clinic and Research Centre and Vittala International Institute of Ophthalmology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PG","family":"Padmapriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uvea and Ocular Inflammation, Prabha Eye Clinic and Research Centre and Vittala International Institute of Ophthalmology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand P","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Manipal Hospitals, Old Airport Road and Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Jois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Manipal Hospitals, Millers Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00863-1","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of biosimilars in pediatric non-infectious uveitis: Real-life data from the International AIDA Network Uveitis Registry","volume":"13","author":"Tarsia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"R2-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2020.1798230","article-title":"The current status of biological treatment for uveitis","volume":"16","author":"Gaggiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R3-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108322","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"211","author":"Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R4-20250314","first-page":"276","article-title":"A review of systemic biologics and local immunosuppressive medications in uveitis","volume":"17","author":"S","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"R5-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-017-0115-5","article-title":"A review of the landscape of targeted immunomodulatory therapies for non-infectious uveitis","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"R6-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000371","article-title":"Biologic drugs for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis","volume":"10","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R7-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_43_18","article-title":"Similar biologics in India: A story of access or potential for compromise?","volume":"152","author":"Jois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R8-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1439_22","article-title":"Clinical profile and management with immunosuppressants and biologics in Behcet\u2019s uveitis: A cohort of 25 patients from a tertiary eye care center in South India","volume":"71","author":"Ramdoss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_966_20","article-title":"Biological therapy in refractory cases of uveitis and scleritis: An analysis of 18 cases from a tertiary eye care center from South India","volume":"68","author":"Sadhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. 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