{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:53Z","timestamp":1786649753071,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment on meibomian gland disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective interventional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy eyes of patients with dry eye disease undergoing three sessions of IPL therapy, 15 days apart, were included. Each patient completed the dry eye questionnaire (SPEED) for symptomatic assessment. Dry eye evaluation tests were performed, including Schirmer\u2019s 1 test, meiboscopy, noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and interferometry. These tests were repeated before each IPL session.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Version 20, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). To Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the variables. The Chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis. Level of significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean symptom score from the dry eye questionnaire (SPEED) showed a significant reduction of 24.5% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) in symptoms. Schirmer\u2019s 1 test showed an improvement of 16.43% on day 15 and 40.13% on day 45. Meiboscopy grade improved by 13.54% on day 45. NIBUT improved from 53.29% on day 15 to 135.53% on day 45. Interferometry showed an improvement of 58.91% on day 45.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The various investigative tests demonstrated both qualitative and quantitative improvements in dry eye disease, and patients reported symptomatic relief. The effects of IPL therapy, in terms of symptomatic relief, continued to improve with each session. The quality of the tear film also improved progressively. IPL therapy is a potential therapeutic option for MGD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1136_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T10:00:14Z","timestamp":1735293614000},"page":"590-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantitative and qualitative assessment of evaporative dry eye post intense pulsed light therapy, a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Sourabh D","family":"Patwardhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nandadeep Eye Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Sangle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nandadeep Eye Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi S","family":"Patwardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nandadeep Eye Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nandadeep Eye Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.040","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye disease and its risk factors in visual display terminal users: The Osaka study","volume":"156","author":"Uchino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J 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meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"Karaca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01278-3","article-title":"Intense pulse light therapy treatment for refractory dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"40","author":"Yurttaser Ocak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S318885","article-title":"Intense pulsed plus low-level light therapy in meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Marta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001687","article-title":"Multicenter study of intense pulsed light therapy for patients with refractory meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"37","author":"Arita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R9-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000711","article-title":"The efficacy of intense pulsed light combined with meibomian gland expression for the treatment of dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R10-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4402","article-title":"Intense Pulsed Light Applied Directly on Eyelids Combined with Meibomian Gland Expression to Treat Meibomian Gland Dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Rong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"R11-20260422","article-title":"Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction","volume":"146","author":"Vigo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"R12-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S307020","article-title":"Combined Intense Pulsed Light and Low-Level Light Therapy for the Treatment of Dry Eye: A Retrospective Before-After Study with One-Year Follow-Up","volume":"15","author":"P\u00e9rez-Silguero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of 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