{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:33:43Z","timestamp":1787772823980,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify factors other than macular edema and retinitis location responsible for poor visual outcomes in epidemic retinitis (ER).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, observational, comparative study. Eyes with corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA) 20\/200 or worse at resolution formed Group A. Eyes with central macular thickness (CMT) 600 \u03bcm or worse and retinitis within 1500 \u03bcm to foveal center at the presentation, but improved to CDVA 20\/200 or better at the resolution formed Group B. The patient\u2019s history, clinical presentation, imaging, and treatment outcomes were studied and the factors responsible for the final visual outcomes were compared in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Groups A and B included 25 eyes each. The mean CDVA at the presentation was 20\/400 (range: 20\/125\u201320000) and 20\/320 (range: 20\/80\u201320000), and mean CMT at the presentation was 948.5 \u03bcm (range: 520\u20131553) and 912.2 \u03bcm (range: 615\u20131250) in Groups A and B, respectively. All eyes except 1 (Group A) had retinitis lesions within 1500 \u03bcm of foveal center. The mean CDVA at the resolution was 20\/400 (range: 20\/200\u201320\/20000) and 20\/40 (range: 20\/20\u201320\/80) in Groups A and B, respectively. Older age, male gender, diabetic status, delayed presentation, poor presenting CDVA, bilaterality, presence of keratic precipitates, disk pallor, retinal thinning, and subfoveal deposits had a statistically significant association, whereas the absence of skin rash, ellipsoid zone loss, negative WIDAL, Weil-Felix test, and delayed doxycycline therapy or use of steroids without doxycycline had a statistically insignificant association with poor visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apart from presenting CMT and location of retinitis, multiple demographic, clinical, and imaging factors can be implicated for poor visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1153_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T08:01:36Z","timestamp":1645776096000},"page":"897-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemic retinitis - Factors associated with poor visual outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Ankush","family":"Kawali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Sanjay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmamalini","family":"Mahendradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhujang","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Ophthalmology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1421670","article-title":"Epidemic retinitis","volume":"27","author":"Kawali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B2-20240828","first-page":"2515841420979111","article-title":"Clinical features, optical coherence tomography findings and treatment outcomes of post fever retinitis","volume":"18","author":"Sundar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B3-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemic retinitis with macular edema -treatment outcome with and without steroids","volume":"21","author":"Kawali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.33590\/emjallergyimmunol\/20-00092","article-title":"Post fever uveoretinal manifestations in an immunocompetent individual","volume":"5","author":"Sanjay","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMJ Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.158087","article-title":"Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and monitoring of dengue maculopathy","volume":"63","author":"Mehkri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1352_20","article-title":"Post-fever retinitis-Newer concepts","volume":"68","author":"Mahendradas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01983-y","article-title":"Predictors of visual outcome in post-fever retinitis: A retrospective analysis","author":"Biswal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4103\/kjo.kjo_2_20","article-title":"A clinical study on the efficacy of posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in patients with post fever retinitis","volume":"32","author":"Sreelatha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kerala J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_162_19","article-title":"Rickettsial disease existence in India: Resurgence in outbreaks with the advent of 20th century","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Health Sci Biomed Res"},{"key":"B10-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemic Retinitis with Positive or Negative Weil Felix Test - 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