{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:43:07Z","timestamp":1793907787608,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma may play a role in preventing ischemia and oxidative damage that results in apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve damage. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only known modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, disease progression commonly occurs despite IOP control, suggesting that factors other than IOP play a role in its pathogenesis and can potentially act as targets for neuroprotection. Factors including mediators of apoptosis, ischemic changes, poor ocular blood flow and neurotoxins have been hypothesized to play a role in glaucoma progression. Neuroprotective targets include glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, nitric oxidase synthetase, neurotropins, calcium channel receptors, free radicals, vascular insufficiency, the rho-kinase pathway, and more. Drugs related to these factors are being evaluated for their role in neuroprotection, although this area of investigation faces several challenges including limited evidence for these agents\u2019 efficacy in clinical studies. Additionally, while IOP-lowering therapies are considered neuroprotective as they generally slow the progress of glaucoma progression, they are limited by the extent of their effect beyond IOP control. The aim of this article is to review the current treatment options available for neuroprotection and to explore the drugs in the pipeline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1158_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T07:51:02Z","timestamp":1644997862000},"page":"380-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Neuroprotection in glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"C R","family":"Vishwaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Kavitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rengaraj","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aakriti Garg","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Premanand","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Indira Gandhi Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61423-7","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"377","author":"Quigley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00223-2","article-title":"Comparison of glaucomatous progression between untreated patients with normal-tension glaucoma and patients with therapeutically reduced intraocular pressures. 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