{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:35:07Z","timestamp":1787787307185,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India has the largest population of youth in the world, thereby making them important contributors to the \u201cIndia of Tomorrow\u201d. Over 80% of knowledge gained is by the visual sense, thereby making school screening programs a necessity in our country. Data from the pre-COVID era, that is, 2017\u201318 was collected from close to 19,000 children in Gurugram, Haryana, a tier two city in National Capital Region, India. A similar prospective observational study is planned post COVID-19 (2022\u201323) for further analysis to depict the impact of COVID-19 in these areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The program They See, They Learn was set at government schools in the area of operations (district of Gurgaon, Haryana), where the children and their families were unable to afford eye care services. All children who were screened underwent a comprehensive eye examination at the school premises itself.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 18,939 students were screened over a period of 18 months, covering a total of 39 schools in the Gurugram belt, in the first phase of the program. Eleven point eight percent (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2254) of all school students had some form of refractive error. Girl students were found to have a higher refractive error rate (13.3%) compared to boy students (10.1%) across the schools screened. Myopia was the most common type of refractive error.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>School students require perfect vision or else they can be discouraged and may become a major burden to the economy of any developing nation. A school screening program aiming at populations that cannot afford such basic needs like spectacles is a must in all zones of the country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1174_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T06:19:36Z","timestamp":1678256376000},"page":"946-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["They see, they learn: Pre-COVID-19 prevalence of refractive errors in school children in suburban areas of North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Aditya","family":"Sethi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Arunodaya Deseret Eye Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Ophthalmology, Arunodaya Deseret Eye Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"},{"name":"Medical Director Ophthalmology, Arunodaya Charitable Trust, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reena","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Arunodaya Deseret Eye Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"},{"name":"Medical Director Ophthalmology, Arunodaya Charitable Trust, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahebaan","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Ophthalmology, Arunodaya Deseret Eye Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Ophthalmology, Arunodaya Deseret Eye Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Lokwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Ophthalmology, Arunodaya Deseret Eye Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Chilwade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Ophthalmology, Arunodaya Deseret Eye Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828"},{"key":"R2-20240828","first-page":"623","article-title":"Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi","volume":"43","author":"Murthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R3-20240828","first-page":"615","article-title":"Refractive error in children in a rural population in India","volume":"43","author":"Dandona","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R4-20240828","first-page":"237","article-title":"Refractive error blindness","volume":"79","author":"Dandona","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R6-20240828","first-page":"205","article-title":"School eye screening and the National Program for Control of Blindness","volume":"46","author":"Jose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2001.00607.x","article-title":"A 6-year longitudinal optometric study of the refractive trend in school-aged children","volume":"21","author":"Pointer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Optic"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3109\/09286580903312277","article-title":"Screening for refractive error and fitting with spectacles in rural and urban India:cost-effectiveness","volume":"16","author":"Frick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.5.531","article-title":"Ocular Morbidity in school children in Kathmandu","volume":"87","author":"Nepal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20173335","article-title":"Prevalence of ocular morbidities of children in higher primary schools in rural areas of Mangalore","volume":"4","author":"Vidya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/jcor.jcor_34_18","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of ocular morbidities among primary school children in Goa","volume":"7","author":"Akarkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Ophthalmol Res"},{"key":"R13-20240828","first-page":"248","article-title":"Causes and prevalence of ocular morbidity among primary school children in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Ayanniyi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.45503","article-title":"Ocular morbidity prevalence among school children in Shimla, Himachal, North India","volume":"57","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.34113","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive errors among school children of Ahmedabad city","volume":"25","author":"Sethi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000195567.88641.af","article-title":"Prevalence rate of myopia in schoolchildren in rural Mongolia","volume":"83","author":"Morgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R17-20240828","first-page":"111","article-title":"Prevalence of ocular morbidities among basic school children in the Kwabre East District of Ghana","volume":"4","author":"Ben","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Health Allied Sci"},{"key":"R18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3109\/09286580903450320","article-title":"The role of vision in academic school performance","volume":"17","author":"Dirani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5740","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5740","article-title":"Effect of providing free glasses on children's educational outcomes in China:Cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"349","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1174_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:08:27Z","timestamp":1787760507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1174_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1174_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}