{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:33:27Z","timestamp":1787758407628,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the change in the amount of astigmatism caused by frown, straight, and smile incision in patients with pre-existing against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism of more than and equal to 1 diopter<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective, comparative study conducted over 18 months on 60 patients. Twenty patients were allocated to each incision using simple random sampling. Demographic details, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior and posterior segment evaluation, and A-scan were done. An average of three measurements of K horizontal (Khavg), K vertical (Kvavg), and difference between the two (Khavg \u2212 Kvavg) were taken using manual keratometry. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. All the data analyses were performed by using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software. Frequency distribution and cross tabulation were performed to prepare the tables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In frown incision, Khavg \u2212 Kvavg was significantly decreased on day 45 from the preoperative value (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), followed by straight incision (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and smile incision (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Maximum decrease was observed in frown incision (49.15%) followed by straight (37.75%) and smile (28.57%) incisions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results are consistent with reduction of pre-existing ATR astigmatism with temporal incisions, and frown incision seems to be the best approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1197_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T10:52:06Z","timestamp":1667213526000},"page":"3871-3874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study of changes in pre-existing against-the-rule astigmatism after temporal manual small-incision cataract surgery using frown, straight, and smile incisions"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"H V","family":"Soumya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashansa","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S K","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.05.025","article-title":"Phacoemulsification versus manual small-incision cataract surgery for white cataract","volume":"36","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R2-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v4i1.5851","article-title":"Comparison of astigmatism following manual small incision cataract surgery:Superior versus temporal approach","volume":"4","author":"Mallik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nepal J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00752-5","article-title":"Corneal topographic changes induced by different oblique cataract incisions","volume":"27","author":"Beltrame","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R4-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/jcor.jcor_47_17","article-title":"Reduction in preexisting against the rule astigmatism in temporal manual small incision cataract surgery:Can curvilinear incision be a better choice?","volume":"7","author":"Palanisamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Ophthalmol Res"},{"key":"R5-34-20240828","first-page":"328","article-title":"Comparison of surgically induced astigmatism in manual small incision cataract surgery following straight versus frown incision","volume":"6","author":"Chourasia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Res Rev"},{"key":"R6-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197106000-00002","article-title":"Changes in corneal astigmatism with age","volume":"48","author":"Lyle","year":"1971","journal-title":"Optometry Vis Sci"},{"key":"R7-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4103\/tjosr.tjosr_23_19","article-title":"Surgically induced astigmatism in manual small-incision cataract surgery:A comparative study between superotemporal and temporal scleral incisions","volume":"57","author":"Sekharreddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"TNOA J Ophthalmic Sci Res"},{"key":"R8-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8716","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2015\/1262","article-title":"Clinical study of various types of incisions in small incision cataract surgery in relation to their astigmatism out come","volume":"4","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"R9-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12354","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2015\/1784","article-title":"Comparison of surgically induced astigmatism with small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification","volume":"4","author":"Harakuni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"R10-34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80617-7","article-title":"A new method of analyzing vectors for changes in astigmatism","volume":"19","author":"Alpins","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R11-34-20240828","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Comparison of surgically induced astigmatism in various incisions in manual small incision cataract surgery","volume":"7","author":"Jauhari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-34-20240828","first-page":"16","article-title":"A comparative study on the superior, superotemporal and the temporal incisions in small incision cataract surgeries for postoperative astigmatism","volume":"6","author":"Satyajeet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of 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