{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:03:27Z","timestamp":1787169807605,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the surgical outcome of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) secondary to active fibrovascular proliferation (FVP) and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and factors influencing the outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included the patients who underwent vitrectomy for FTMH secondary to PDR TRD from 2016 to 2020. Anatomical and visual outcomes were analyzed after six months along with the factors predicting the final outcome and duration of subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group A (macula-off combined RD, i.e., tractional and rhegmatogenous) included 10 eyes, while group B (macula-threatening TRD) included eight eyes. The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from logMAR 1.21 (Snellen equivalent: 20\/324) to logMAR 0.76 (Snellen equivalent: 20\/115) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008). Seventeen patients gained \u22651 line(s) of vision. Mean visual gain in groups A and B was 3.7 \u00b1 1.9 and 1.9 \u00b1 1.1 lines, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.051). MH closed in 88.9% eyes. Type 1 anatomical closure was achieved in 88.9% of eyes. At 6 months, SRF and central macular thickness reduced from 479.6 \u00b1 512.5 \u03bcm to 11.4 \u00b1 23.5 \u03bcm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) and 874.3 \u00b1 422.6 \u03bcm to 207.6 \u00b1 81.7 \u03bcm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0002), respectively. Finally, macular SRF resolved in all the patients. The mean duration for complete SRF resolution was 4.9 \u00b1 3.2 months. Eyes with a shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (rho = \u22120.49,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040) and macula-off combined RD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048) took a longer time for complete SRF resolution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Good anatomical and visual outcomes can be achieved in eyes with PDR TRD-associated FTMH. The residual macular SRF resolves slowly after the surgery and extra intervention is not required. Macula-off combined RD is associated with worse outcome and a slower SRF resolution rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1204_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T12:37:01Z","timestamp":1636634221000},"page":"3302-3307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Surgical outcome of full-thickness macular hole secondary to tractional retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Naresh","family":"Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyush","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitaranjan","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu P","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Dara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Chandra","family":"Lakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67350-6","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of visual impairment in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in India","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200204000-00007","article-title":"Types of macular holes encountered during diabetic vitrectomy","volume":"22","author":"Ghoraba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S280654","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for full-thickness macular holes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and active fibrovascular proliferation","volume":"14","author":"Karimov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1586\/17469899.2013.844069","article-title":"Secondary macular holes:When to jump in and when to stay out","volume":"8","author":"Shukla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080050068031","article-title":"Vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular holes","volume":"109","author":"Kelly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Results of a pilot study. 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