{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:10:46Z","timestamp":1793643046346,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes in spontaneous uveal effusion syndrome (UES).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 10-year retrospective chart review of UES patients from a tertiary eye center was carried out. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) scans were performed. UES was managed based on presenting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), symptoms, and fundus findings. Patients with secondary causes of uveal effusion were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-five eyes of 16 patients were included. Of the 16 patients, 14 (88%) were male and 9 (56%) had bilateral disease. Fifteen of 25 affected eyes had nanophthalmos (axial length (AL) &lt;20.5 mm) and 6 had hyperopia with AL &gt;20.5 mm. The presenting mean distance BCVA was 0.74 \u00b1 0.64 logMAR (mean Snellen: 20\/100). Eleven eyes had exudative retinal detachment, and 4 also had exudative choroidal detachment (CD). Choroidal thickness (CT) was increased in 11 eyes on B-scan ultrasonography, and the mean CT was 1.74 \u00b1 0.38 mm. Sub-retinal fluid (SRF) and retinal folds were the most common OCT findings. UBM findings included shallow angles, peripheral CD, and supra-ciliary effusion. A combination of local and systemic corticosteroids was used to successfully treat 12 eyes, 6 needed surgery, and 7 were observed. Partial sclerectomy with anterior chamber maintainer-assisted SRF drainage was the favored surgery. The median period of follow-up was 6.5 months (0.1\u201376 months), and the mean distance BCVA at the last follow-up was 0.58 \u00b1 0.42 logMAR (mean Snellen: 20\/80).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UES can be suitably managed both medically and surgically based on clinical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1221_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T08:53:31Z","timestamp":1670316811000},"page":"4349-4356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of an algorithmic approach to uveal effusion syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Arjun","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Srimati Kannuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepika C","family":"Parameswarappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Srimati Kannuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirisha","family":"Senthil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushma","family":"Jayanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Srimati Kannuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev Reddy","family":"Pappuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Srimati Kannuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhadra","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Srimati Kannuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmaja Kumari","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Srimati Kannuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120969369","article-title":"A prospective, population-based, surveillance (BOSU) study of uveal effusion syndrome in the UK","volume":"31","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2009.05.003","article-title":"Uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Elagouz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34685-0","article-title":"Idiopathic serous detachment of the choroid, ciliary body, and retina (uveal effusion syndrome)","volume":"89","author":"Gass","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00141-4","article-title":"Uveal effusion syndrome:Clinical features, surgical treatment, histologic examination of the sclera and pathophysiology","volume":"107","author":"Uyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R6-20251006","first-page":"96","article-title":"Discussion of: Calhoun FP Jr. The management of glaucoma in nanophthalmos","volume":"73","author":"Shaffer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"R7-20251006","first-page":"159","article-title":"Uveal effusion syndrome:A new hypothesis concerning pathogenesis and technique of surgical treatment. 1983","volume":"23","author":"Gass","year":"2003","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90825-2","article-title":"Abnormal scleral findings in uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Ward","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5033","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1980","article-title":"Scleral hydraulic conductivity and macromolecular diffusion in patients with uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R10-20251006","first-page":"872","article-title":"Can chronic bulbar hypotony be responsible for uveal effusion?Report of two cases","volume":"20","author":"Daniele","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"R11-20251006","first-page":"217","article-title":"The indocyanine green findings in idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Kumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20120102-03","article-title":"Anterior segment dimensions in Asian and Caucasian eyes measured by optical coherence tomography","volume":"43","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"R13-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.10.008","article-title":"ASCRS cataract clinical committee, challenging\/complicated cataract surgery subcommittee. Cataract surgery in the small eye","volume":"41","author":"Hoffman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R14-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.206","article-title":"High-hyperopia database, part I:Clinical characterisation including morphometric (biometric) differentiation of posterior microphthalmos from nanophthalmos","volume":"30","author":"Relhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R15-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32511-3","article-title":"Surgical management of the idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Johnson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R16-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_752_17","article-title":"Uveal effusion syndrome in 104 eyes:Response to corticosteroids-The 2017 Axel C. Hansen lecture","volume":"65","author":"Shields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001606","article-title":"A retrospective case series of uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Claeys","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"R18-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1987.17","article-title":"The surgical management of uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Casswell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R19-20251006","first-page":"1862","article-title":"Extensive circumferential partial-thickness sclerectomy in eyes with extreme nanophthalmos and spontaneous uveal effusion","volume":"103","author":"Mansour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3176-y","article-title":"Uveal effusion syndrome mimicking severe chronic posterior uveitis:A case series of seven eyes of four patients","volume":"254","author":"Maggio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182790eb8","article-title":"A modified ultrasound-guided surgical technique for the management of the uveal effusion syndrome in patients with normal axial length and scleral thickness","volume":"33","author":"Ghazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R22-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.126","article-title":"Medical therapy for uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Andrijevi\u0107Derk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R23-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735465","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2735465","article-title":"Nanophthalmos:A review of the clinical spectrum and genetics","volume":"2018","author":"Carricondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1221_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:45Z","timestamp":1786647525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1221_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1221_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}