{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:55:29Z","timestamp":1791975329338,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters, visual outcome, and epithelial remodeling after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low to moderate myopia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Prospective, interventional, randomized, comparative study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Eighty eyes of 40 patients undergoing bilateral SMILE or PRK for low to moderate myopia (<-5 D SE) were included. They were divided into two groups based on the planned refractive surgery. Visual acuity, corneal biomechanics using Corvis-ST, epithelial mapping via anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and higher-order aberrations were recorded both preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months and compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n At 6 months follow-up, the corrected distance visual acuity as well as the postoperative spherical equivalent of both the groups were comparable (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.13 and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.32, respectively). The biomechanical parameters like deformation amplitude ratio (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01), inverse concave radius (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.006), integrated ratio (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01), stress\u2013strain index (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01), Ambrosio\u2019s relational thickness (ArTH) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01), and corneal biomechanical index-laser vision correction (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02) were altered more in the SMILE group than in the PRK group, while the biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.16) was comparable. Epithelial remodeling (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.59), higher-order aberrations (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.53), and stromal keratocyte loss (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.16) in both the groups were comparable.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Both SMILE and PRK are comparably effective procedures for correction of low to moderate myopia in terms of visual outcomes; however, the corneal biomechanical stability in PRK is superior than that in SMILE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1250_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T03:00:58Z","timestamp":1734922858000},"page":"128-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The visual outcomes and corneal biomechanical properties after PRK and SMILE in low to moderate myopia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Shivani","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aafreen","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetan","family":"Shakkarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanuj","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeewan Singh","family":"Titiyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e821920.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/821920","article-title":"Long term followup of photorefractive keratectomy with adjuvant use of mitomycin C","volume":"2014","author":"Diakonis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J 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extraction","volume":"46","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2015.1114653","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes and corneal wound healing after SMILE and PRK procedures","volume":"41","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R7-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.06.004","article-title":"Anterior and posterior corneal stroma elasticity assessed using nanoindentation","volume":"115","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R8-20260424","first-page":"10","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of tPRK, FS\u2013LASIK, and SMILE on the cornea","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R9-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12.","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.3.12","article-title":"Corneal biomechanics after SMILE, femtosecond-assisted LASIK, and photorefractive keratectomy: A matched comparison study","volume":"12","author":"Hashemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"R10-20260424","first-page":"7","article-title":"Determination of corneal biomechanical behavior in-vivo for healthy eyes using CorVis ST tonometry: Stress-strain index","author":"Eliasy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R11-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20160629-01","article-title":"Detection of keratoconus with a new biomechanical index","volume":"32","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R12-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000629","article-title":"Detection of postlaser vision correction ectasia with a new combined biomechanical index","volume":"47","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R13-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01582-3","article-title":"Comparison between aberration-free transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy and small incision lenticule extraction for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism","volume":"41","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02620-7","article-title":"Comparison of different correction formulas and measurement methods for the accurate determination of intraocular pressure after SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1165-3","article-title":"Corneal biomechanical properties after SMILE 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India","volume":"37","author":"Brar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R19-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8582362.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8582362","article-title":"Corneal epithelial remodeling and its effect on corneal asphericity after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for myopia","volume":"2016","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"OCT176","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18879","article-title":"Corneal epithelial remodeling induced by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)","volume":"57","author":"Luft","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of 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