{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:02Z","timestamp":1786728602529,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its associated downstream genes within iris tissues of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and secondary glaucoma (neovascular, traumatic, and uveitic) subjects, assess cytokines correlation and their influence on trabeculectomy success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective single-center study analyzed IL-6 and its downstream signaling molecules expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that consisted of 25 glaucoma eyes (POAG: 10, PACG: 8, secondary glaucoma: 7) and nine eyes from the corneoscleral rims that served as controls. Correlation matrices assessed the association between these factors and trabeculectomy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to controls, a significant downregulation of IL-6 expression (Control vs. POAG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004, Control vs. PACG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002); IL-6R (Control vs. POAG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0002, Control vs. PACG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012); gp130 (Control vs. POAG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) was observed in primary glaucoma. Also, differential expression of apoptosis markers BAX (Control vs. POAG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043); BCL-2 (Control vs. POAG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002, Control vs. PACG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007), and fibrotic markers\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -SMA (Control vs. POAG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01, Control vs. PACG\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04) was observed. Similar cytokine expressions were observed in secondary glaucoma compared to the controls. The overall success rate of trabeculectomy was 94.11% at three months postoperatively. A significant correlation was found between IL-6R and its downstream targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggested that in glaucomatous irises, altered IL-6\/STAT3 signaling indicates a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, potentially explaining trabeculectomy\u2019s early effectiveness via this immunological balance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1271_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T13:00:31Z","timestamp":1769346031000},"page":"212-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regulation of immunological equilibrium by IL-6\/STAT3 in glaucomatous irises and its effect on filtering bleb success"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Nisha","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"},{"name":"Department of Cornea, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneeta","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Pegu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virender S.","family":"Sangwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"},{"name":"Department of Eicher Shroff Center for Stem Cell Research, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"},{"name":"Department of Eicher Shroff Center for Stem Cell Research, Dr. Shroff\u2019s Charity Eye Hospital, NewDelhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","first-page":"e11686","article-title":"Epidemiology of glaucoma: The past, present, and predictions for the future","volume":"12","author":"Allison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: A 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