{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:53:40Z","timestamp":1791212020992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chisel hammer injury-associated retained intraocular foreign bodies (CHI-IOFBs) are a major occupational health hazard and can lead to significant visual decline. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in posterior segment CHI-IOFB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective case series over 5 years involving patients who underwent 23-gauge PPV for CHI-IOFB. Patients with &lt;3 months of follow-up after PPV were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 29 patients (mean age 29.2 years, 96.6% male) underwent PPV. At presentation, 21 each had traumatic cataract and vitreous hemorrhage (VH), seven had retinal detachment (RD), six had endophthalmitis, and two had siderosis. The median time of PPV after injury was 7.1 days. 44.8% underwent concurrent primary repair and IOFB removal, while 55.2% underwent IOFB removal at a second stage. IOFB could be removed in all patients except four due to a deep-seated location. 82.8% patients required lens removal to facilitate IOFB removal. Favorable anatomical outcome was achieved in 89.6% patients. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logMAR) improved significantly (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) from preoperative 2.4 to postoperative 1.2. The interval between primary repair and PPV, baseline BCVA, preoperative VH, and postoperative macular pucker were significantly associated with final visual outcome, while preoperative RD, subretinal bleed, and endophthalmitis were not associated with final visual outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although limited by a relatively small retrospective cohort, the current study showed that early PPV with appropriate adjunctive measures significantly improved anatomical and functional outcomes in most CHI-IOFB cases. RD, endophthalmitis, and siderosis were major complications associated with CHI-IOFB at presentation. Deep-seated IOFB beyond the optic nerve head or post-equatorial scleral coats posed surgical challenges in IOFB retrieval, highlighting the importance of appropriate preoperative imaging and evaluation in cases with complex posterior segment CHI-IOFB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1388_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:00:25Z","timestamp":1790953225000},"page":"S442-S448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical profile and outcomes of posterior segment metallic intraocular foreign bodies following chisel-hammer injury managed with pars plana vitrectomy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Aarshi","family":"Naharwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramanuj","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansi","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreeram","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalaka Ramesh","family":"Waghamare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajai","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2011.8347","article-title":"Diagnostic value of clinical examination and radiographic imaging in identification of intraocular foreign bodies in open globe injury","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.01.014","article-title":"Intraocular foreign bodies in China: Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes in 1,421 eyes","volume":"152","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00079-8","article-title":"Prognostic factors in ocular injuries caused by intraocular or retrobulbar foreign bodies","volume":"107","author":"Jonas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R4-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.03.005","article-title":"Intraocular foreign bodies: A review","volume":"61","author":"Loporchio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02443-9","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and epidemiology of intraocular foreign body injuries in Cork University Hospital, Ireland: An 11-year review","volume":"190","author":"Bourke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"R6-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702868","article-title":"Surveillance of intraocular foreign bodies in the UK","volume":"22","author":"Imrie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R7-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.64.7.476","article-title":"Vitrectomy in the management of intraocular foreign bodies and their complications","volume":"64","author":"Peyman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0586-5","article-title":"Incidence and visual outcome of endophthalmitis associated with intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"246","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01535-5","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of the removal of posterior segment metallic intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"20","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0225-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical outcome of intraocular foreign bodies in Hong Kong: A 13-year review","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.02.015","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of work-related open globe injuries","volume":"150","author":"Kanoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.229","article-title":"Predictive factors and outcomes of posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"25","author":"Choovuthayakorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R14-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.021","article-title":"Metallic intraocular foreign bodies: Characteristics, interventions, and prognostic factors for visual outcome and globe survival","volume":"146","author":"Ehlers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-1026-5","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of posterior segment intraocular foreign body in a tertiary hospital","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20261005","first-page":"e69686","article-title":"Predictive factors for structural and functional outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the removal of posterior intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs): A retrospective data analysis from North India","volume":"16","author":"Markan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R17-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2010.2210","article-title":"Visual outcome following intraocular foreign bodies: A retrospective review of 5-year clinical experience","volume":"21","author":"Bai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"R18-20261005","first-page":"S82","article-title":"Visual outcome and prognostic factors in posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"95","author":"Thoongsuwan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"R19-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4587","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S290619","article-title":"Predictors for visual outcomes in eye injuries with intraocular foreign body","volume":"14","author":"Ratanapakorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2021.05.18","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for visual outcome in 669 patients with intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31454-5","article-title":"Infectious endophthalmitis after penetrating injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies. National Eye Trauma System","volume":"100","author":"Thompson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R22-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199903000-00003","article-title":"Early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"19","author":"Jonas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R23-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4482","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154482","article-title":"Outcomes and prognostic factors following pars plana vitrectomy for intraocular foreign bodies-11-year retrospective analysis in a tertiary care center","volume":"11","author":"Hapca","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R24-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.60077","article-title":"Visual outcome of pars plana vitrectomy with intraocular foreign body removal through sclerocorneal tunnel and sulcus-fixated intraocular lens implantation as a single procedure, in cases of metallic intraocular foreign body with traumatic cataract","volume":"58","author":"Mahapatra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00134-7","article-title":"Intraocular foreign bodies: Management, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes","volume":"107","author":"Greven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R26-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0359-6","article-title":"Outcomes of surgery for posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies--a retrospective review of 17 years of clinical experience","volume":"244","author":"Wickham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-20261005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2004.00759.x","article-title":"Role of prophylactic scleral buckling in the management of retained intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"32","author":"Azad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1388_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:01:26Z","timestamp":1791208886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1388_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1388_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}