{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:17Z","timestamp":1786728617598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To elucidate the efficacy and safety profile of interferon \u03b1-2b in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective interventional study, VKC patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included and their signs and symptoms were scored based on the Clinical Scoring System. Patients were treated with topical interferon \u03b1-2b eye drop (1 MIU\/ml) QID dosing for 6 weeks. Changes in symptoms and signs were evaluated at 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months after initiating treatment. A higher score meant severe disease, and a decline in score meant improvement in clinical signs and symptoms. Categorical variables were presented in number and percentage (%) and continuous variables as mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD). Post-medication total subjective symptom score (TSSS) and total objective sign score (TOSS) were compared with baseline, and a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P-<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Possible ocular and systemic complications were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 40 patients (32 male and eight female) with a mean age of 8.05 \u00b1 2.33 years. Mean baseline TSSS and TOSS were 6.71 \u00b1 0.564 and 6.59 \u00b1 0.262, respectively, which reduced to 2.71 \u00b1 0.011 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040) and 2.96 \u00b1 0.210 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032), respectively, at 4 weeks and further reduced to 0.42 \u00b1 0.552 and 0.47 \u00b1 0.434, respectively, at 8 weeks. After 6 months of stopping the drug, mean TSSS and TOSS did increase to 2.80 \u00b1 0.820 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.044) and 2.50 \u00b1 0.520 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.030), respectively, but was still statistically significant improvement compared to the baseline. Also, no ocular or systemic side effects were observed anytime during the study period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eye drop interferon \u03b1-2b (1 million IU\/ml) is a safe and effective option as first-line monotherapy for VKC. No side effects and recurrence were observed for 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1393_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T04:02:12Z","timestamp":1709870532000},"page":"1007-1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reserve drug as first-line management: Topical interferon \u03b1-2b for vernal keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Saurabh Ramdas","family":"Haral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taskin","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, 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