{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:34:59Z","timestamp":1793417699564,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1403_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T02:06:41Z","timestamp":1545358001000},"page":"8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Current concepts in crosslinking thin corneas"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Hafezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GeorgeD","family":"Kymionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupal","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prema","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MahipalS","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-1","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Keratoconus","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-2","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Keratoconus: A review","author":"Romero-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-3","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Biomechanical properties of keratoconus and normal corneas","author":"Andreassen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-4","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in thin corneas","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye Vis Lond Engl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-5","first-page":"2270","volume-title":"Corneal cross-linking for keratoconus: A look at the data, the food and drug administration, and the future","author":"Jeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-6","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia: One-year results","author":"Hersh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-7","first-page":"620","volume-title":"Riboflavin\/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-8","first-page":"e52860","volume-title":"The effect of riboflavin\/UVA collagen cross-linking therapy on the structure and hydrodynamic behaviour of the ungulate and rabbit corneal stroma","author":"Hayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-9","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Biomechanical evidence of the distribution of cross-links in corneas treated with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light","author":"Kohlhaas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-10","first-page":"588; author reply 588","volume-title":"Long-term results of riboflavin ultraviolet A corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in Italy: The Siena eye cross study","author":"Ashar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-11","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet a light for pediatric keratoconus: Ten-year results","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-12","first-page":"796","volume-title":"Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in keratoconus: Long-term results","author":"Raiskup-Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-13","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Crosslinking treatment of progressive keratoconus: New hope","author":"Wollensak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-14","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Corneal endothelial cytotoxicity of riboflavin\/UVA treatment in vitro","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-15","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A irradiation in patients with thin corneas","author":"Kymionis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-16","first-page":"927","volume-title":"Progression of keratoconus by longitudinal assessment with corneal topography","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-17","first-page":"6490915","volume-title":"Thinner corneas appear to have more striking effects of corneal collagen crosslinking in patients with progressive keratoconus","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-18","first-page":"669","volume-title":"Intra- and postoperative variation in ocular response analyzer parameters in keratoconic eyes after corneal cross-linking","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-19","first-page":"1057","volume-title":"Corneal cross-linking-induced stromal demarcation line","author":"Seiler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-20","first-page":"S824","volume-title":"Permanent corneal haze after riboflavin-UVA-induced cross-linking in keratoconus","author":"Raiskup","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-21","first-page":"158","volume-title":"The swelling pressure of the corneal stroma","author":"Dohlman","year":"1962","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-22","first-page":"791","volume-title":"Swelling of the cornea in vivo after the destruction of its limiting layers","author":"Maurice","year":"1951","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-23","first-page":"621","volume-title":"Collagen crosslinking with ultraviolet-A and hypoosmolar riboflavin solution in thin corneas","author":"Hafezi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raiskup F, Spoerl E. Corneal cross-linking with hypo-osmolar riboflavin solution in thin keratoconic corneas. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;152:28-32.e1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.01.016"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-25","first-page":"1179","volume-title":"Pachymetry changes during corneal crosslinking: Effect of closed eyelids and hypotonic riboflavin solution","author":"Schmidinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-26","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Accelerated corneal cross-linking with a hypoosmolar riboflavin solution in keratoconic thin corneas: Short-term results","author":"Ko\u00e7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stojanovic A, Zhou W, Utheim TP. Corneal collagen cross-linking with and without epithelial removal: A contralateral study with 0.5% hypotonic riboflavin solution. BioMed Res Int 2014;2014. doi: 10.1155\/2014\/619398.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/619398"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-28","first-page":"1076","volume-title":"A transient diffusion model of the cornea for the assessment of oxygen diffusivity and consumption","author":"Larrea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-29","first-page":"917","volume-title":"Limitation of collagen cross-linking with hypoosmolar riboflavin solution: Failure in an extremely thin cornea","author":"Hafezi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-30","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Comparison of results of accelerated corneal cross-linking with hypo-osmolar riboflavin solution performed on corneas thicker and thinner than 400 \u03bcm","author":"Ko\u00e7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-31","first-page":"540","volume-title":"Biomechanical and histological changes after corneal crosslinking with and without epithelial debridement","author":"Wollensak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-32","first-page":"1785","volume-title":"Transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking in ultrathin keratoconic corneas","author":"Spadea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-33","first-page":"893","volume-title":"Corneal crosslinking: Riboflavin concentration in corneal stroma exposed with and without epithelium","author":"Baiocchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-34","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Benzalkonium chloride and gentamicin cause a leak in corneal epithelial cell membrane","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-35","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Effect of chitosan, benzalkonium chloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on permeation of acyclovir across isolated rabbit cornea","author":"Majumdar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-36","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Significance of the riboflavin film in corneal collagen crosslinking","author":"Wollensak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-37","first-page":"348","volume-title":"Effect of corneal epithelium on ultraviolet-A and riboflavin absorption","author":"Bott\u00f3s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-38","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Transepithelial corneal crosslinking for keratoconus","author":"Hersh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun L, Li M, Zhang X, Tian M, Han T, Zhao J, et al. Transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking with higher oxygen availability for keratoconus: 1-year results. Int Ophthalmol 2017. doi: 10.1007\/s10792-017-0762-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0762-5"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-40","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking: Bilateral study","author":"Filippello","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-41","first-page":"942","volume-title":"Transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus","author":"Leccisotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-42","first-page":"1157","volume-title":"Transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus: 24-month clinical results","author":"Caporossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-43","first-page":"372","volume-title":"Transepithelial corneal cross-linking using an enhanced riboflavin solution","author":"Gatzioufas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-44","first-page":"594","volume-title":"Iontophoresis transcorneal delivery technique for transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin in a rabbit model","author":"Cassagne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-45","first-page":"e30","volume-title":"Transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking by iontophoresis of riboflavin","author":"Bikbova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-46","first-page":"717","volume-title":"Iontophoresis-assisted corneal crosslinking using 0.1% riboflavin for progressive keratoconus","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-47","first-page":"746","volume-title":"Transepithelial iontophoresis corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive keratoconus: Initial clinical outcomes","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-48","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Evaluation of iontophoretic collagen cross-linking for early stage of progressive keratoconus compared to standard cross-linking: A non-inferiority study","author":"Cantemir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-49","first-page":"e600","volume-title":"Standard corneal collagen crosslinking versus transepithelial iontophoresis-assisted corneal crosslinking, 24 months follow-up: Randomized control trial","author":"Bikbova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-50","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Conventional and iontophoresis corneal cross-linking for keratoconus: Efficacy and assessment by optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy","author":"Jouve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mastropasqua L, Nubile M, Calienno R, Mattei PA, Pedrotti E, Salgari N, et al. Corneal cross-linking: Intrastromal riboflavin concentration in iontophoresis-assisted imbibition versus traditional and transepithelial techniques. Am J Ophthalmol 2014;157:623-30.e1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.11.018"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-52","first-page":"7472542","volume-title":"Novel technique of transepithelial corneal cross-linking using iontophoresis in progressive keratoconus","author":"Lombardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-53","first-page":"804","volume-title":"Randomized controlled trial comparing transepithelial corneal cross-linking using iontophoresis with the Dresden protocol in progressive keratoconus","author":"Lombardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-54","first-page":"687","volume-title":"Efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal cross-linking for keratoconus","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-55","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Customized pachymetric guided epithelial debridement for corneal collagen cross linking","author":"Kymionis","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-56","first-page":"1337","volume-title":"Customized epithelial debridement for thin ectatic corneas undergoing corneal cross-linking: Epithelial island cross-linking technique","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-57","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Outcomes of corneal collagen crosslinking using a customized epithelial debridement technique in keratoconic eyes with thin corneas","author":"Cagil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-58","first-page":"444","volume-title":"Efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking using a custom epithelial debridement technique in thin corneas: A confocal microscopy study","author":"Kaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-59","first-page":"918","volume-title":"Tailored stromal expansion with a refractive lenticule for crosslinking the ultrathin cornea","author":"Sachdev","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-60","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Contact lens-assisted collagen cross-linking (CACXL): A new technique for cross-linking thin corneas","author":"Jacob","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Refract Surg Thorofare NJ"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0301-4738.248122-61","first-page":"128","volume-title":"An Algorithm to predict the biomechanical stiffening effect in corneal cross-linking","author":"Kling","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Refract Surg Thorofare NJ"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:38:48Z","timestamp":1786714728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1403_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["248122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1403_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}