{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:27:39Z","timestamp":1789759659069,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the clinical profile of Behcet\u2019s disease and its management with immunosuppressants and biologics in a cohort of 25 patients from a tertiary eye care center in South India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, observational study. Records of 45 eyes of 25 patients between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrieved from the hospital database. Complete ophthalmic evaluation and systemic examination by the rheumatologist with appropriate investigations had been done. Results were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Males (19, 76%) were found to be more affected than females (6, 24%). Mean age of presentation was 27.68 \u00b1 11.08 years. Twenty patients had bilateral involvement (80%), and unilateral involvement was seen in five patients (20%). Seven eyes of four patients (16%) had isolated anterior uveitis, out of which one patient had unilateral and three patients had bilateral involvement. Twenty-six eyes of 16 patients (64%) had posterior uveitis, out of which six patients had unilateral and 10 had bilateral involvement. Twelve eyes of seven patients (28%) had panuveitis, out of which two patients had unilateral and five had bilateral involvement. Hypopyon was seen in five eyes (11.1%) and posterior synechiae in seven eyes (15.55%). Posterior segment findings included vitritis (24.44%), vasculitis (17.78%), retinitis (17.78%), disc hyperemia (11.11%), and disc pallor (8.89%). Steroids alone were given in five patients (20%) and intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) was given in four patients (16%). Immunosuppressive agents along with steroids were given in 20 patients (80%), of which azathioprine alone was given in seven patients (28%), cyclosporin alone was given in two patients (8%), mycophenolate mofetil alone was given in three patients (12%), combination of azathioprine and cyclosporin was given in six patients (24%), and combination of methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil was given in one patient (4%). Biologics were given in 10 patients (40%) \u2013 adalimumab in seven patients (28%) and infliximab in three patients (12%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behcet\u2019s disease is an uncommon uveitis in India. Addition of immunosuppressants and biologics to conventional steroid therapy gives better visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1439_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T03:48:59Z","timestamp":1684295339000},"page":"1972-1976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical profile and management with immunosuppressants and biologics in Behcet\u2019s uveitis: A cohort of 25 patients from a tertiary eye care center in South India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jeyasooriya","family":"Ramdoss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Fellow, Department of Uvea, Viteroretina Department, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prerana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical Retina Fellow, Viteroretina Department, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshee S","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Fellow, Department of Uvea, Viteroretina Department, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotirmay","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.06.004","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et disease: New aspects","volume":"35","author":"Bulur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-20251006","first-page":"309","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of Beh\u00e7et's disease in Indian patients","volume":"51","author":"Rohatgi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2016.1205486","article-title":"Behcet's disease: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis","volume":"13","author":"Davatchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530500231953","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et's disease","volume":"20","author":"Bonfioli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.107636","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et's disease in India: A dermatological perspective","volume":"79","author":"Singal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12107","article-title":"The International criteria for Beh\u00e7et's disease (ICBD): A collaborative study of 27 countries on the sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria","volume":"28","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-008-9273-8","article-title":"Spectrum of Beh\u00e7et's disease in the Indian population","volume":"29","author":"Sachdev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. 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