{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:00:34Z","timestamp":1793851234644,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate changes in ocular surface parameters, contrast sensitivity (CS), and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in patients with computer vision syndrome (CVS)\/digital eye strain (DES), and to assess associations among these factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both eyes of 55 CVS cases (CVS-Q score \u2265 6) and 55 age-matched controls (18\u201340 years) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6\/6 were enrolled. Participants with ocular comorbidities were excluded. Central and peripheral CS were assessed using the Pelli-Robson (PR) chart and Spaeth-Richman contrast sensitivity test (SPARCS). Dry eye disease (DED) workup was performed. HOAs were measured using a wavefront aberrometer (iDesign\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Refractive Studio, Johnson and Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc.).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PR scores were identical across groups. SPARCS revealed significantly reduced total CS scores (central and peripheral) in the CVS group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">W<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3641.000,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), highlighting its sensitivity to subtle CS changes. The CVS group showed significantly higher HOA values (%), root mean square HOA error (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and spherical aberration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033), along with more severe DED findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CVS\/DES leads to impaired visual function due to reduced CS, increased HOAs, and dry eye. Assessment of both central and peripheral CS provides a more complete understanding of its impact on visual quality and daily functioning. Early ergonomic interventions and preventive strategies are vital for protecting ocular health in an increasingly digital world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1441_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T15:00:22Z","timestamp":1767020422000},"page":"104-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations between ocular surface parameters, contrast sensitivity, and higher-order aberrations in computer vision syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Varnika A","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Ichhpujani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government 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