{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:58:31Z","timestamp":1790787511343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and primary chronic dacryocystitis (PCD) and the effect of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) on tear film stability and MGD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, interventional, non-randomized study involved 50 unilateral acquired PCD cases and 50 age-matched healthy controls. Patients with lid abnormalities, ocular trauma, previous ocular surgery, contact lens wearers, and chronic topical or systemic drug users were excluded from the study. After a detailed history, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was calculated. The ocular assessment included visual acuity, tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break-up time (TBUT), tear well diameter (TWD), Schirmer 1 test, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, and meibography. PCD eyes underwent external DCR, and the tests were repeated after 8 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of PCD cases was 42.58 \u00b1 12.74 years, the male: female ratio was 7:19, and the mean duration of epiphora was 2.2 \u00b1 1 years. The MG expressibility grade of \u22652 was seen in 98% (49\/50) PCD eyes, which was strongly associated with PCD as compared to controls (OR = 563,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.00, 95% CI = 60.71\u20135229.70). MG loss \u226550% was seen in 62% (31\/50) of PCD eyes and none of the control eyes. Following DCR, MG loss remained unchanged, and a significant decrease occurred in OSDI scores, TWD and Schirmer 1 values, and MG expressibility grade (Z = \u22126.85). The mean TMH decreased from 767.60 \u00b1 331.60 \u00b5m to 384 \u00b1 204.29 \u00b5m (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) post DCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCD is strongly associated with MGD. DCR reverses the functional MG changes with improvement in the tear film stability but no effect on MG loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1449_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T05:01:20Z","timestamp":1702616480000},"page":"185-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of primary chronic dacryocystitis and meibomian gland dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Goel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, 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