{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:35:01Z","timestamp":1793417701389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The history of corneal cross-linking (CXL) dates back to 2003 when some German scientists investigated possible treatments to harden the corneal structure to increase its resistance in ectatic corneal diseases. Nowadays, CXL is considered the most effective therapy in ectatic corneal diseases due to its proven efficacy in hardening the cornea, thus halting the development of the disease. Since 2003, CXL applications have dramatically expanded and have been implemented in several other areas such as infectious keratitis, corneal edema, and before performing keratoplasty for various purposes. Moreover, several irradiation patterns are being studied to correct refractive errors, taking into account the corneal refractive changes that occur after the procedure. Currently, scleral cross-linking is also being investigated as a potential therapy in cases of progressive myopia and glaucoma. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the available applications of cross-linking in nonectatic ocular conditions and highlight the possible future indications of this procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1507_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T14:02:00Z","timestamp":1706191320000},"page":"S191-S202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Collagen cross-linking beyond corneal ectasia: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Grigory A","family":"Osipyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Corneal Pathology, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husam","family":"Khraistin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Corneal Pathology, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jourieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Corneal Pathology, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0229","article-title":"Cross-linking and the molecular packing of corneal collagen","volume":"219","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680601077145","article-title":"Assessment of corneal biomechanical properties and their variation with age","volume":"32","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0410","article-title":"Induction of cross-links in corneal tissue","volume":"66","author":"Spoerl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R4-20240828","first-page":"203","article-title":"Cross-linking effects in the cornea of rabbits","volume":"97","author":"Sp\u00f6rl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00407-3","article-title":"Stress-strain measurements of human and porcine corneas after riboflavin-ultraviolet-A-induced cross-linking","volume":"29","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02220-1","article-title":"Riboflavin\/ultraviolet-A-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus","volume":"135","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.10.060","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with ultraviolet-A and hypoosmolar riboflavin solution in thin corneas","volume":"35","author":"Hafezi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140523-01","article-title":"Contact lens-assisted collagen cross-linking (CACXL):A new technique for cross-linking thin corneas","volume":"30","author":"Jacob","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.04.007","article-title":"Tailored stromal expansion with a refractive lenticule for crosslinking the ultrathin cornea","volume":"41","author":"Sachdev","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S59840","article-title":"Accelerated versus conventional corneal collagen cross-linking in the treatment of mild keratoconus:A comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Sherif","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981893","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/981893","article-title":"Evaluation of corneal stromal demarcation line after two different protocols of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking procedures using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy","volume":"2014","author":"Ozgurhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20201123-02","article-title":"Corneal cross-linking at the slit lamp","volume":"37","author":"Hafezi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0127079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127079","article-title":"Efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking for treatment of keratoconus:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.03.018","article-title":"Corneal crosslinking for pellucid marginal degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Pircher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140527-02","article-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking for Terrien marginal degeneration","volume":"30","author":"Hafezi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.01.042","article-title":"Corneal collagen crosslinking for ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis:Long-term results","volume":"40","author":"Yildirim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.07.028","article-title":"Corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A to treat induced keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"33","author":"Hafezi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108355","article-title":"The biology of corneal cross-linking derived from ultraviolet light and riboflavin","volume":"202","author":"Santhiago","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.01.002","article-title":"Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. I. principles","volume":"11","author":"Raiskup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000357979","article-title":"Corneal collagen crosslinking:A systematic review","volume":"232","author":"Sorkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680490513182","article-title":"Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion","volume":"29","author":"Spoerl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.4.388","article-title":"The Bhaktapur eye study:Ocular trauma and antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of corneal ulceration in Nepal","volume":"85","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090120087027","article-title":"Incidence of ulcerative keratitis in a defined population from 1950 through 1988","volume":"111","author":"Erie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01339-3","article-title":"Infectious keratitis:An update on epidemiology, causative microorganisms, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"35","author":"Ting","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"R25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.08.006","article-title":"Photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis \u2013Corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL):A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Ting","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2787(65)90182-6","article-title":"Photosensitized inactivation of ribonucleic acids in the presence of riboflavin","volume":"103","author":"Tsugita","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R27-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12399","article-title":"Evaluation of corneal collagen cross-linking as an additional therapy in mycotic keratitis","volume":"43","author":"Vajpayee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140609-01","article-title":"PACK-CXL:Defining CXL for infectious keratitis","volume":"30","author":"Hafezi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.04.008","article-title":"Photochemical activation increases the porcine corneal stiffness and resistance to collagenase digestion","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R30-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-322X.156122","article-title":"PACK-CXL:Corneal cross-linking for treatment of infectious keratitis","volume":"10","author":"Tabibian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"R31-20240828","first-page":"538","article-title":"Effect of PACK corneal cross linking on resistant bacterial keratitis","volume":"5","author":"Elzelitni","journal-title":"AlQalam J Med Appl Sci"},{"key":"R32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20200226-02","article-title":"Accelerated corneal cross-linking as an adjunct therapy in the management of presumed bacterial keratitis:A cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Knyazer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R33-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20141113-06","article-title":"Accelerated photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking as a first-line and sole treatment in early fungal keratitis","volume":"30","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002973","article-title":"Repeated high-fluence accelerated slitlamp-based photoactivated chromophore for keratitis corneal cross-linking for treatment-resistant fungal keratitis","volume":"41","author":"Hafezi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R35-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20190018","article-title":"Accelerated collagen cross-linking in the management of advanced Acanthamoeba keratitis","volume":"82","author":"Cristian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R36-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcro.2018.01.001","article-title":"Accelerated corneal crosslinking to treat Acanthamoeba and Fusarium coinfection of the cornea","volume":"6","author":"Passilongo","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCRS Online Case Rep"},{"key":"R37-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1592","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of riboflavin\/UVA combination (365 nm) in vitro for bacterial and fungal isolates:A potential new treatment for infectious keratitis","volume":"49","author":"Martins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R38-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S799","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20090813-07","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of riboflavin and ultraviolet light on Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"25","author":"Schrier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R39-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1231-2","article-title":"Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated riboflavin using ultraviolet light (UVA)","volume":"248","author":"Makdoumi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R40-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000375","article-title":"Ultraviolet A\/riboflavin collagen cross-linking for treatment of moderate bacterial corneal ulcers","volume":"34","author":"Bamdad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R41-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002905","article-title":"PACK cross-linking as adjuvant therapy improves clinical outcomes in culture-confirmed bacterial keratitis","volume":"41","author":"Achiron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R42-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002510","article-title":"Cross-linking assisted infection reduction (CLAIR):A randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of adjuvant cross-linking on bacterial keratitis","volume":"40","author":"Prajna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R43-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-021-00272-0","article-title":"PACK-CXL Working Group. PACK-CXL vs. antimicrobial therapy for bacterial, fungal, and mixed infectious keratitis:A prospective randomized phase 3 trial","volume":"9","author":"Hafezi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye Vis"},{"key":"R44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2209-z","article-title":"Assessment of fungal viability after long-wave ultraviolet light irradiation combined with riboflavin administration","volume":"251","author":"Kashiwabuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R45-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6367","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20110","article-title":"Evaluation of corneal cross-linking for treatment of fungal keratitis:Using confocal laser scanning microscopy on an ex vivo human corneal model","volume":"57","author":"Alshehri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R46-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318169d698","article-title":"Ultraviolet A\/riboflavin corneal cross-linking for infectious keratitis associated with corneal melts","volume":"27","author":"Iseli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R47-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04314-1","article-title":"Evaluation of corneal cross-linking as adjuvant therapy for the management of fungal keratitis","volume":"257","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R48-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302518","article-title":"Riboflavin\/ultravoilet light-mediated crosslinking for fungal keratitis","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R49-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_123_19","article-title":"Application of photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen crosslinking for fungal phaco-tunnel infection","volume":"67","author":"Thakur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R50-20240828","first-page":"169","article-title":"Early treatment of bilateral fungal keratitis with corneal cross-linking as adjuvant therapy","volume":"2020","author":"Castellanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"R51-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.03.024","article-title":"Corneal cross-linking as an adjuvant therapy in the management of recalcitrant deep stromal fungal keratitis:A randomized trial","volume":"160","author":"Uddaraju","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R52-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.08.029","article-title":"Cross-linking\u2013assisted infection reduction:A randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of adjuvant cross-linking on outcomes in fungal keratitis","volume":"127","author":"Prajna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R53-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/meajo.MEAJO_130_19","article-title":"Corneal cross-linking as an adjunct for the management of refractory fungal keratitis","volume":"27","author":"Bamdad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R54-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Corneal cross-linking window absorption (CXL-WA) as an adjuvant therapy in the management of aspergillus Niger keratitis","volume":"2018","author":"Rosetta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med"},{"key":"R55-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12644","article-title":"Riboflavin and ultraviolet A as adjuvant treatment against Acanthamoeba cysts","volume":"44","author":"Lamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R56-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.07.025","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro efficacy of combined riboflavin and ultraviolet A for Acanthamoeba isolates","volume":"153","author":"Del Buey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R57-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3189-6","article-title":"Crosslinking and corneal cryotherapy in acanthamoeba keratitis \u2014A histological study","volume":"254","author":"Hager","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R58-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9333","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8382","article-title":"Assessing efficacy of combined riboflavin and UV-A light (365 nm) treatment of Acanthamoeba trophozoites","volume":"52","author":"Kashiwabuchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R59-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2176-4","article-title":"Comparison of UVA- and UVA\/riboflavin-induced growth inhibition of Acanthamoeba castellanii","volume":"251","author":"Makdoumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R60-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31825cea99","article-title":"Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis by corneal cross-linking","volume":"32","author":"Berra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R61-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1501074","article-title":"Effect of riboflavin\/rose bengal-mediated PACK-CXL on Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts in vitro","volume":"43","author":"Atalay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R62-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.06.041","article-title":"Riboflavin and ultraviolet light a therapy as an adjuvant treatment for medically refractive Acanthamoeba keratitis:Report of 3 cases","volume":"118","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R63-20240828","first-page":"608253","article-title":"A case of medication-resistant Acanthamoeba keratitis treated by corneal crosslinking in Turkey","volume":"2013","author":"Demirci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med"},{"key":"R64-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2022.101330","article-title":"Treatment of recalcitrant Acanthamoeba keratitis with photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis corneal collagen cross-linking (PACK-CXL)","volume":"25","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"R65-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2013.11.008","article-title":"Corneal cross-linking for Acanthamoeba keratitis in an orthokeratology patient after swimming in contaminated water","volume":"37","author":"Arance-Gil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R66-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2019.100499","article-title":"High fluence PACK-CXL as adjuvant treatment for advanced Acanthamoeba keratitis","volume":"15","author":"Nateghi Pettersson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"R67-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20120921-06","article-title":"Photoactivated riboflavin treatment of infectious keratitis using collagen cross-linking technology","volume":"28","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R68-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.02.006","article-title":"Impending corneal perforation after collagen cross-linking for herpetic keratitis","volume":"39","author":"Ferrari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R69-20240828","first-page":"NC12","article-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking for treatment of bacterial and herpetic keratitis","volume":"11","author":"Khalili","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R70-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjec.2019.12.001","article-title":"Modified crosslinking in the treatment of purulent keratitis and corneal ulcers","volume":"3","author":"Kasparova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J EuCornea"},{"key":"R71-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000755","article-title":"Multiorganism, drug-resistant keratitis treated by corneal crosslinking","volume":"26","author":"Kymionis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R72-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_409_21","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking with riboflavin-induced aggravation of polymicrobial keratitis","volume":"1","author":"Kulshrestha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"R73-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492008000700012","article-title":"Ceratopatia bolhosa:Etiopatog\u00eanese e tratamento","volume":"71","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R74-20240828","first-page":"965","article-title":"Corneal collagen cross linking (CXL) in treatment of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy","volume":"32","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"R75-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.07.041","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A in eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy","volume":"36","author":"Ghanem","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R76-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0249946","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249946","article-title":"Corneal transplantation activity in Catalonia, Spain, from 2011 to 2018:Evolution of indications and surgical techniques","volume":"16","author":"Sabater-Cruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R77-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.11.015","article-title":"Hydration behavior of porcine cornea crosslinked with riboflavin and ultraviolet A","volume":"33","author":"Wollensak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R78-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000141","article-title":"Anterior and posterior corneal changes after crosslinking for keratoconus","volume":"91","author":"Steinberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R79-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406850","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/406850","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking:Current status and future directions","volume":"2012","author":"Hovakimyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R80-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.01085.x","article-title":"Riboflavin-ultraviolet light induced cross-linking in endothelial decompensation","volume":"86","author":"Ehlers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R81-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181c296c2","article-title":"Effect of cross-linking on corneal thickness in patients with corneal edema","volume":"29","author":"Cordeiro Barbosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R82-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.038","article-title":"Role of corneal collagen cross-linking in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy:A clinicopathological study","volume":"120","author":"Arora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R83-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002395","article-title":"Randomized control trial on the effectiveness of collagen cross-linking on bullous keratopathy","volume":"39","author":"Choy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R84-20240828","first-page":"e18256","article-title":"A prospective, randomized clinical study comparing accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking with 5% NaCl hypertonic saline for bullous keratopathy in Asian eyes","volume":"98","author":"Kasai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (United States)"},{"key":"R85-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000004","article-title":"Outcomes of corneal collagen crosslinking in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy","volume":"33","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R86-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000187630","article-title":"Potential use of riboflavin\/UVA cross-linking in bullous keratopathy","volume":"41","author":"Wollensak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"R87-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.162479","article-title":"Modified corneal collagen crosslinking reduces corneal oedema and diurnal visual fluctuations in Fuchs dystrophy","volume":"94","author":"Hafezi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R88-20240828","first-page":"S730","article-title":"Staged intrastromal delivery of riboflavin with UVA cross-linking in advanced bullous keratopathy:Laboratory investigation and first clinical case","volume":"24","author":"Krueger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R89-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463905","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/463905","article-title":"Outcome of two corneal collagen crosslinking methods in bullous keratopathy due to Fuchs'endothelial dystrophy","volume":"2014","author":"Ucakhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"R90-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.75889","article-title":"The effects of riboflavin\/ultraviolet:A corneal cross-linking on the signs and symptoms of bullous keratopathy","volume":"18","author":"Gharaee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R91-20240828","first-page":"291","article-title":"Sustainability of pain relief after corneal collagen cross-linking in eyes with bullous keratopathy","volume":"7","author":"Ono","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R92-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181a81802","article-title":"UV-A collagen cross-linking treatment of bullous keratopathy combined with corneal ulcer","volume":"29","author":"Kozobolis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R93-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3160-6","article-title":"Donor cross-linking for keratoplasty:A laboratory evaluation","volume":"253","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R94-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.10.003","article-title":"Use of donors predisposed by corneal collagen cross-linking in penetrating keratoplasty for treating patients with keratoconus","volume":"184","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R95-20240828","first-page":"127","article-title":"Peripheral cornea crosslinking before deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty","volume":"9","author":"Ziaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R96-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.18231\/2395-1451.2019.0015","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of collagen cross linking for donor corneal button in therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty","volume":"5","author":"Popat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R97-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.005","article-title":"Collagen cross-linked therapeutic grafts in fungal keratitis","volume":"125","author":"Titiyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R98-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S348835","article-title":"Combined photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking (PACK-CXL) and therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty for resistant bacterial keratitis","volume":"16","author":"Bor'i","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R99-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14874","article-title":"UV light crosslinking regresses mature corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and promotes subsequent high-risk corneal transplant survival","volume":"18","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R100-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002406","article-title":"Corneal crosslinking to regress pathologic corneal neovascularization before high-risk keratoplasty","volume":"40","author":"Schaub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R101-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R102-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.11.032","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking of human and porcine sclera","volume":"30","author":"Wollensak","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R103-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00447.x","article-title":"Cross-linking of scleral collagen in the rabbit using riboflavin and UVA","volume":"83","author":"Wollensak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R104-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.5.24","article-title":"Scleral cross-linking in form-deprivation myopic guinea pig eyes leads to glaucomatous changes","volume":"63","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R105-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.02.055","article-title":"Effect of irradiation time on riboflavin-ultraviolet-A collagen crosslinking in rabbit sclera","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R106-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.07.002","article-title":"Iontophoresis-assisted accelerated riboflavin\/ultraviolet A scleral cross-linking:A potential treatment for pathologic myopia","volume":"162","author":"Rong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R107-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.08.019","article-title":"Riboflavin and ultraviolet A irradiation for the prevention of progressive myopia in a guinea pig model","volume":"165","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R108-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0086-z","article-title":"Effects of scleral cross-linking using genipin on the process of form-deprivation myopia in the guinea pig:A randomized controlled experimental study","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R109-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23707","article-title":"Genipin-crosslinked donor sclera for posterior scleral contraction\/reinforcement to fight progressive myopia","volume":"59","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R110-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00633-5","article-title":"Clinical feasibility and safety of scleral collagen cross-linking by riboflavin and ultraviolet A in pathological myopia blindness:A pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"R111-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S59934","article-title":"Novel myopic refractive correction with transepithelial very high-fluence collagen cross-linking applied in a customized pattern:Early clinical results of a feasibility study","volume":"8","author":"Kanellopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R112-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000074","article-title":"Photorefractive intrastromal crosslinking for correction of hyperopia:12-month results","volume":"46","author":"Stodulka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R113-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1960","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of intraocular pressure elevation on optic nerve\/lamina cribrosa before and after peripapillary scleral collagen cross-linking","volume":"50","author":"Thornton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R114-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2016.07.003","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking treatment increases adhesion in mock corneal grafts","volume":"39","author":"Flavahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R115-20240828","first-page":"46","article-title":"Riboflavin\/ultraviolet A-induced collagen cross-linking in rabbit corneal scar","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R116-20240828","first-page":"434","article-title":"Dual-crosslinked regenerative hydrogel for sutureless long-term repair of corneal defect","volume":"20","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"R117-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000644","article-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking for infectious keratitis:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1507_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:15:36Z","timestamp":1787768136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1507_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1507_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}