{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:40Z","timestamp":1787764960781,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to explore the influence of high altitude on myopia, macular choroidal thickness (mCT), and macular retinal thickness (mRT) in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Two schools, one in Shanghai (at sea level) and one in Shigatse, Tibet (more than 4000 m above sea level), were selected. Refractive error was measured by an autorefractor instrument and subjective refraction, and mCT and mRT were measured at three concentric circles by optical coherence tomography. Student\u2019s t-test, Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 1114 participants (657 and 457 in Shanghai and Tibet, respectively) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The average age of the participants was 18.81 \u00b1 1.10 years, and 44.34% were males. The spherical equivalent (SE) of adolescents in Shanghai was significantly lower than that of adolescents in Tibet (-4.14 \u00b1 2.37 D and -2.12 \u00b1 1.87 D,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia among adolescents in Shanghai (94.52%, 19.48%) was significantly higher than those among adolescents in Tibet (44.74%, 2.41%) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). The mCT of Tibetan adolescents was significantly thicker than that of Shanghai adolescents (295.80 \u00b1 62.46 \u03bcm and 218.71 \u00b1 61.42 \u03bcm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01), especially the central mCT. The mRT of Tibetan adolescents was also thicker than that of Shanghai adolescents (301.42 \u00b1 23.26 \u03bcm and 281.04 \u00b1 12.24 \u03bcm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Compared with Shanghai adolescents, the choroid of Tibet adolescents is thicker, and the myopia prevalence is lower. It is speculated that increased altitude is associated with the thickening of mCT and a low myopia prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1546_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T05:01:18Z","timestamp":1702616478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of high altitude on choroid thickness, retinal thickness, and myopia: A cross-sectional study comparing adolescents in Shanghai and Tibet"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunren","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chufeng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"National 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