{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:15:29Z","timestamp":1792808129557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the demography, risk factors, and causative organisms of microbial keratitis (MK) in Bihar, an eastern state of India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the demographic, clinical, and microbiological data of 2303 patients with MK (non-viral) presenting between January 2019 and December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed a predominance of males (65.0%) compared to females (34.9%), with a mean age of 48.4 \u00b1 16.5 years. The majority of patients (63.1%) presented after 2 weeks from the onset of symptoms. The most common risk factor observed was corneal injury (58.1%), followed by ocular surface diseases (13.6%) and diabetes mellitus (13.3%). The majority of patients (73.16%) were involved in agriculture. Prior to presentation, almost all patients (92%) had received topical antibiotics. Unsupervised use of topical corticosteroids was observed in 29.2% of the patients for the median duration of 3 days (odds ratio, 0.17). At presentation, the median size of corneal ulcers was 5 mm, the best-corrected visual acuity was less than 20\/400 in 51.4% of patients, and corneal perforation was in 14% of patients. The smear and culture positivity rate were 75.4% and 47.9%, respectively. The common causative organism was fungus (48.8%), followed by bacteria (17.4%). Aspergillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were the most commonly identified organisms; a quarter of the patients (24.5%) remained unidentified. All bacteria showed good sensitivity to vancomycin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MK is a significant cause of ocular morbidity in Bihar. The knowledge of epidemiology, risk factors, and microbiological profiles of MK can provide a valuable approach to disease prevention, diagnosis, and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1605_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T11:17:10Z","timestamp":1697800630000},"page":"3506-3512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Epidemiological and microbiological profiles of microbial keratitis in a tertiary eye center in Eastern India (Bihar)"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Rakhi","family":"Kusumesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, 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