{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:11:55Z","timestamp":1790190715356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To study the impact of moderate and severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) on the quality of life (QoL) due to activity limitation using glaucoma-specific questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This cross-sectional study enrolled 122 participants, 50% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 61) being controls and 50% were diagnosed cases of moderate\/severe POAG. Three orally administered glaucoma-specific QoL instruments were used: Glaucoma Activity Limitation (GAL-9), Glaucoma Quality of Life (GQL-15), and Viswanathan questionnaires. The questions related to activity limitation were identified and analyzed for each questionnaire separately.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean age of the participants was 61.04 \u00b1 9.88 years and a majority were males (64.8%,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 79). The mean scores in controls, moderate glaucoma, and severe POAG patients for GAL-9 questionnaire were 9.77 \u00b1 1.36 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.44), 13.75 \u00b1 4.76 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and 23.45 \u00b1 5.62 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), for GQL-15, these were 16.39 \u00b1 2.18 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.5), 22.75 \u00b1 7.89 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and 39.34 \u00b1 9.42 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), respectively, while for the Viswanathan questionnaire, they were 9.49 \u00b1 0.94 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.38), 7.91 \u00b1 1.59 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and 4.41 \u00b1 2.20 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), respectively. The GQL-15 and GAL-9 questionnaires concluded that activity limitation pertaining to dark adaptation-related tasks affected the QoL the most in moderate as well as severe POAG (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Using the Viswanathan questionnaire, it was observed that the peripheral vision-related activity limitation was most significant for the decrease in QoL in moderate POAG while near vision-related activity limitation affected the QoL the most in severe POAG (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n All three questionnaires concluded that the activity limitation due to moderate and severe glaucoma has a negative impact on the QoL. The limitation of the tasks involving dark adaptation\/glare and peripheral vision has the most significant impact on the QoL in moderate glaucoma. As the disease progresses to a severe category, the limitation of activities requiring central and near vision causes the most significant worsening in QoL.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1687_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T07:51:02Z","timestamp":1644997862000},"page":"552-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of moderate and severe primary open-angle glaucoma on quality of life due to activity limitation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Shifali","family":"Nayyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obaidur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Ichhpujani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekta","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.05.006","article-title":"The assessment of visual function and functional vision","volume":"31","author":"Bennett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-016-0333-6","article-title":"Quality of life in glaucoma:A review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Quaranta,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_847_17","article-title":"The impact of primary open-angle glaucoma:Quality of life in Indian patients","volume":"66","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_295_18","article-title":"Correlation of central field index (10\u20132 visual field analysis) and activity limitation with increasing severity of glaucoma using glaucoma activity limitation-9 questionnaire","volume":"66","author":"Daruka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10078-1242","article-title":"Evaluation of vision-related quality of life in patients with glaucoma:A hospital-based study","volume":"13","author":"Dhawan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Curr Glaucoma Pract"},{"key":"R7-20251006","first-page":"112","article-title":"Primary glaucomas. 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