{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:46Z","timestamp":1786649806322,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To reveal early intervention outcomes for patients describing with choroidal metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective interventional case series on 27 eyes of 22 patients treated for choroidal metastasis with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) With and without intravitreal injections. The prescribed radiation dose was a mean and median 30 Gy (range of 30\u201340 Gy in 180\u2013200 cGy daily fractions). Outcome measures included change in tumor thickness, subretinal fluid, visual acuity, radiation oculopathy, and survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Decreased vision was the most common presenting symptom (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20\/27, 74%). Pre-treatment vision for subfoveal lesions was a mean 20\/400, median 20\/200, and range 20\/40 to hand motions (HM). Pre-treatment vision for extrafoveal tumors were a mean 20\/40, median 20\/25, range 20\/20 to counting fingers (CF) which improved to a mean 20\/32, median 20\/20, range 20\/12.5 to 20\/200. Local control, with ultrasonographic height regression (44.5%; mean: 2.7\u20131.5 mm), was observed in all eyes at mean follow-up of 16 months (range: 1\u201372 months). Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) was given in nine cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9\/27, 33%) to slow the growth of the metastasis and suppress their exudative detachments and to treat radiation maculopathy in 10 cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10\/27, 37%). Late radiation complications included keratoconjunctivitis sicca in four cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4\/27, 15%), exposure keratopathy in two cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2\/27, 7%), and radiation retinopathy in 10 cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10\/27, 37%). Of the 23 phakic eyes, four (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4, 17%) developed cataract.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation therapy with or without intravitreal anti-VEGF injections was a safe and effective treatment for choroidal metastasis. It was associated with local tumor control, reduction of secondary retinal detachments, and vision preservation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1772_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T03:01:49Z","timestamp":1684292509000},"page":"2014-2019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Choroidal metastasis: Radiation and bevacizumab at presentation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Abhilasha","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul T","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.02.003","article-title":"Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eye, lids, and orbit","volume":"53","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01280-0","article-title":"Adult wilms'tumor metastatic to the choroid of the eye","volume":"109","author":"Finger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30148-1","article-title":"Survey of 520 eyes with uveal metastases","volume":"104","author":"Shields","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1971.00990050675005","article-title":"The incidence of ocular metastatic carcinoma","volume":"85","author":"Bloch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1974.01010010286003","article-title":"Carcinoma metastatic to the eye and orbit. 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