{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:10:14Z","timestamp":1792008614927,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Global warming is one of the greatest health threats of the 21\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      century. The ophthalmic sector contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases, thus altering the natural environment. There is currently no data on global emissions of fluorinated gases in ophthalmic surgery. This retrospective study from 2017 to 2021 aims to report the carbon dioxide (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) equivalence of sulfur hexafluoride (SF\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), hexafluoroethane (C\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and octafluoropropane (C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) at a tertiary eye center.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data collected from 1842 surgical procedures that used injections of fluorinated gases were analyzed. Environmental impact (global warming potential over 100 years) was calculated by converting milliliters to grams by using modified ideal gas law at standard temperature and pressure for the canisters and then to their CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      equivalence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Though 70% of surgeries used C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>\n                      , the least greenhouse effect causing fluorinated gas, the total carbon emission was 1.4 metric tons. The most common indication was macular hole surgery (36.86%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study paves a step toward analyzing the problem statement, thus awakening us to contemplate options to make ophthalmic surgeries greener.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1775_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1713758484000},"page":"692-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Global warming impact of fluorinated gases in ophthalmic surgeries at a tertiary eye center in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ramya R","family":"Nadig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Deepak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Agarwal\u2019s Health Care Ltd., Raaj Towers, Mogappair West, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Neelamegam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60935-1","article-title":"Managing the health effects of climate change: Lancet and University College London Institute for Global Health Commission","volume":"373","author":"Costello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60854-6","article-title":"Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health","volume":"386","author":"Watts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13574","article-title":"Global warming risk perceptions in 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carbon emission trends","volume":"27","author":"Javid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"R11-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02145-9","article-title":"The use of fluorinated gases and quantification of carbon emission for common vitreoretinal procedures","volume":"37","author":"Moussa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R12-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120978884","article-title":"Vitrectomy with air tamponade and cryotherapy for retinal detachment repair without perfluorocarbon use: A UK 12-month prospective case series","volume":"31","author":"Moussa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of 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