{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:29:48Z","timestamp":1787797788263,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the outcomes of standard corneal cross-linking (S-CXL) and iontophoresis-assisted CXL (I-CXL) in Jordanian keratoconus patients over a 12-month follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, observational cohort study included 107 keratoconus patients who underwent either S-CXL (n = 53) or I-CXL (n = 54) between January 2015 and December 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data collected included demographic information, clinical history, and ophthalmic examinations. The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to 12 months post-procedure. Secondary outcomes included changes in spherical equivalent, cylindrical values, corneal curvature (K\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , K\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , K\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      , K\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and thinnest corneal location. Postoperative complications, such as corneal haze, keratitis, and the need for penetrating keratoplasty, were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of patients was 25.0 years, with a male predominance (60%). Decreased vision was the most common symptom (63%). BCVA improvement was similar in both groups at all intervals. At 12 months, the mean BCVA change was 0.05 in the S-CXL group and 0.04 in the I-CXL group. No significant differences were observed in spherical equivalent values. Corneal curvature values (K\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , K\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , K\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      , K\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were significantly higher in the I-CXL group. Postoperative complications were minimal, with 40% of S-CXL patients and 93% of I-CXL patients experiencing no complications. Mild haze was more common in the S-CXL group (54%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>S-CXL demonstrated superiority in improving corneal curvature at 6 and 12 months. Postoperative complications were minimal, with higher incidence of mild haze in the S-CXL group. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1836_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T07:00:10Z","timestamp":1744873210000},"page":"953-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating the efficacy and safety of iontophoresis-assisted corneal cross-linking compared to standard CXL in the treatment of keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Noor","family":"Alqudah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asem","family":"Alqudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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