{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:37:17Z","timestamp":1786649837699,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the occurrence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) as an ocular manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was done on the observations of cases of HIV-positive children. All seropositive patients from the Anti-Retroviral Therapy clinic were referred to the department of ophthalmology for evaluation. Retrospective correlation of CD4 count with active cases of VKC was done. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation including visual acuity, slit lamp and dilated fundus examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 72 children were included, 70 males and 2 females. Of these, 63 (87.5%) had VKC, three (4.2%) had cataract, two (2.8%) had cytomegalovirus retinitis retinitis, and four (5.5%) had no ophthalmic findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a an evident association of HIV, VKC cases, and reduced CD4 count. More research is required on this topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1853_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T07:51:02Z","timestamp":1644997862000},"page":"497-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Occurrence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Vaishali L","family":"Une","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourabh M","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)80009-8","article-title":"AIDS: Ocular manifestations","volume":"90","author":"Holland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(21)00237-3","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus retinitis as the initial manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Henderly","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00622.x","article-title":"Case series of 406 vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients: A demographic and epidemiological study","volume":"84","author":"Leonardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Ophtalmol Scand"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12350","article-title":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis and immune-mediated diseases: One unique way to symptom control?","volume":"26","author":"Occasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3282efb726","article-title":"Clinical grading of vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"7","author":"Bonini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70326-8","article-title":"Elevation of IgE in HIV-infected children and its correlation with the progression of disease","volume":"95","author":"Vigan\u00f3","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1023_17","article-title":"Pediatric cataract","volume":"65","author":"Khokhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700696","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus retinitis in infancy","volume":"18","author":"Wren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_76_18","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in human immunodeficiency virus - The possible role of T-helper 1-T-helper 2 shift","volume":"66","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1608_19","article-title":"The role of human immunodeficiency virus in the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis-like disease in adults: A demographic and epidemiological study","volume":"68","author":"Kritzinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2016.11.003","article-title":"Cataract, strabismus and chorioretinal coloboma in paediatric HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Adhikari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"R12-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.10.006","article-title":"Addressing prevention among HIV-uninfected women in PMTCT programs in South India","volume":"29","author":"Tamir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"R13-20251006","first-page":"QC04","article-title":"Prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV: Single centre experience of 14 years at tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India","volume":"11","author":"Radhika","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1853_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:59:00Z","timestamp":1786647540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1853_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1853_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}