{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:58Z","timestamp":1786649818359,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n A study of the association between vitamin D deficiency and dry eye syndrome (DES) in the Indian population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study. Sixty patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng\/dl) who met the inclusion criteria were sent to the Eye OPD from the Endocrinology OPD (case) were compared to 60 subjects with normal vitamin D levels (\u226520 ng\/dl) who attended the Eye OPD (controls). The examination of the tear film was done using Whatman filter paper in Schirmer test I and Schirmer test I (with anesthesia). The tear film break-up time (TFBUT) was determined by slit-lamp examination using the fluorescein stain, and scoring using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was done.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A significant difference in the mean values of Schirmer I and Schirmer I test (with anesthesia) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) was seen between the case and control groups. A significant difference in the mean values of TFBUT (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and OSDI scores (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01) was also seen between the two groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n A positive association was found between vitamin D deficiency and dry eye on comparing the above parameters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1921_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T07:51:02Z","timestamp":1644997862000},"page":"500-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A study of the association between Vitamin D deficiency and Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) in the Indian population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Nikita","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JK","family":"Chouhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70081-2","article-title":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop","volume":"5","author":"Lemp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul 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