{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:24:06Z","timestamp":1787757846952,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This experiment was designed to study the effect of mitomycin C (MMC) on conjunctival lymphatics and the lymphangiogenesis potential of synthetic retinoic acid (ec23) in rat eyes. This prospective animal experimental study included 30 Sprague-Dawley rats, and they were allocated into five groups. The right eye underwent localized subconjunctival surgical trauma with a 31-G needle, along with subconjunctival injection of either balanced salt solution, 0.01% MMC, 100 nM ec23, 0.01% MMC with 100 nM ec23, or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide in the right eye. The left eyes were control. Enucleation was done on post-operative day 14, and each conjunctival specimen was stained with Masson trichome, CD 31, and D2-40 to study fibrosis, vascular and lymphatic density, respectively. The main outcome measured was the density of conjunctival lymphatic vessels at the surgical site. It was noted that MMC resulted in a significant reduction in conjunctival lymphatic and vascular density in comparison with the control eyes (179 \u00b1 21.33 vs 85 \u00b1 30.82 and 190 \u00b1 18.71 vs 85 \u00b1 30.82\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .009), whereas 100 nM ec23 caused significant increase in lymphatic vessel density in comparison with control eyes (310 \u00b1 82.16 Vs 134 \u00b1 32.09,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .008). Similarly, 100 nM ec23 significantly increased conjunctival lymphatic density in 0.01% MMC-treated eyes (1000 \u00b1 374.17 vs 388 \u00b1 121.53,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .016). Inter-group analysis showed that combined use of 100 nM ec23 caused the highest lymphatic (1000 \u00b1 374.17,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .001) and blood vessels (596 \u00b1 294.67,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .014) density. Masson trichome score (fibrosis) between intervention and control eyes was compared across different groups, and it was statistically insignificant. To conclude, MMC caused a significant reduction in lymphatic vessel density, and application of 100 nM ec23 resulted in significant lymphangiogenesis in both MMC-exposed and non-MMC-exposed eyes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1929_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:00:20Z","timestamp":1770804020000},"page":"1077-1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rescue of conjunctival lymphatics after mitomycin C induced inhibition in rat eyes: An experimental study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Hitisha","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 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