{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:10Z","timestamp":1786649770215,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the binocular vision and oculomotor function between sports-concussed athletes and aged-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty mild concussed athletes were recruited and compared with aged-matched controls. All the participants underwent a comprehensive ocular assessment followed by an oculomotor assessment which included tests for accommodation, vergence, eye movements, and reading parameters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Three categories of oculomotor-based deficits were found: convergence insufficiency (40%), accommodative insufficiency (25%), and oculomotor-based reading dysfunctions (20%). A statistically significant reduction in the mean \u00b1 SD of the following parameters was noted in concussed athletes v\/s controls:- binocular accommodative amplitude: 7.13 \u00b1 1.59 v\/s 15.35 \u00b1 2.95 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), convergence amplitude: 14.23 \u00b1 5.00 v\/s 5.65 \u00b1 0.90 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), positive fusional vergence for distance: 21.17 \u00b1 8.97 v\/s 31.32 \u00b1 6.23 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), vergence facility: 6.47 \u00b1 1.47 v\/s 11.84 \u00b1 1.00 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), accommodative facility: 7.10 \u00b1 4.57 v\/s 11.67 \u00b1 1.83 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), reading speed: 66.97 \u00b1 17.82 v\/s 144.13 \u00b1 24.45 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03) and Developmental Eye Movement ratio: 1.40 \u00b1 0.19 v\/s 1.17 \u00b1 0.06 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Concussions caused by sports have a considerable impact on binocular vision and oculomotor parameters. These findings have substantial therapeutic implications in terms of establishing a periodic screening program for athletes so that essential therapy can be provided for a better outcome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1932_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T03:19:33Z","timestamp":1684293573000},"page":"2076-2082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characteristics of binocular vision and oculomotor function among sports-concussed athletes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Pritam","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Chandraprabha Eye Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092313","article-title":"Consensus Statement on Concussion in sport: The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012","volume":"47","author":"McCrory","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2012.11.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of concussion in sport: A literature review","volume":"12","author":"Clay","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000138","article-title":"Subconcussive blows to the head: A formative review of short-term clinical outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Belanger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815594367","article-title":"Vision diagnoses are common after concussion in adolescents","volume":"55","author":"Master","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.09.011","article-title":"Frequency of oculomotor disorders in adolescents 11 to 17 years of age with concussion, 4 to 12 weeks post injury","volume":"183","author":"Scheiman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00061","article-title":"Visual dysfunctions and symptoms during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"177","author":"Cap\u00f3-Aponte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70111-5","article-title":"The neuro-ophthalmology of head trauma","volume":"13","author":"Ventura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000174","article-title":"Oculomotor-based vision assessment in mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Hunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514543775","article-title":"A brief Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) assessment to evaluate concussions","volume":"42","author":"Mucha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2014.971955","article-title":"Oculomotor and neurocognitive assessment of youth ice hockey players: Baseline associations and observations after concussion","volume":"40","author":"Vernau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.07.0129","article-title":"Vergence in mild traumatic brain injury: A pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Szymanowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"R12-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2009.07.015","article-title":"Static and dynamic aspects of accommodation in mild traumatic brain injury: A review","volume":"81","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R13-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yaoo.2016.03.013","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: Visual consequences, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"1","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Optom"},{"key":"R14-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000935","article-title":"Vision therapy for post-concussion vision disorders","volume":"94","author":"Gallaway","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R16-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199306000-00008","article-title":"Comparing the amplitude of accommodation determined objectively and subjectively","volume":"70","author":"Rutstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R17-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199606000-00006","article-title":"Reliability of and comparisons among methods of measuring dissociated phoria","volume":"73","author":"Schroeder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R19-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200303000-00011","article-title":"Nearpoint of convergence: Test procedure, target selection, and normative data","volume":"80","author":"Scheiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R20-20251006","first-page":"11","article-title":"Clinical testing of accommodative facility: Part 1. A critical appraisal of the literature","volume":"73","author":"Wick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R21-20251006","first-page":"91","article-title":"Clinical testing of accommodative facility: Part II. Development of an amplitude-scaled test","volume":"73","author":"Yothers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R22-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199810000-00018","article-title":"Vergence facility: Establishing clinical utility","volume":"75","author":"Gall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R23-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/vision5020028","article-title":"Objective and subjective evaluation of saccadic eye movements in healthy children and children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Bilbao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vision (Basel)"},{"key":"R24-20251006","first-page":"159","article-title":"Basic neuro-optometric diagnostic tests for mild traumatic brain injury\/concussion: A narrative review, perspective, proposed techniques and protocols","volume":"4","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vision Dev Rehab"},{"key":"R25-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2017.01.001","article-title":"Assessment of neuro-optometric rehabilitation using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in adults with acquired brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Kapoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"R26-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.04.0041","article-title":"Accommodation in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"47","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"14","key":"R27-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.00029","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of the human accommodation response to an \u201cE\u201d target varying from -3 to -6 diopters","volume":"21","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"R28-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018734","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018734","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in oculomotor function in young adults with mild traumatic brain injury in Sweden: An exploratory prospective observational study","volume":"8","author":"Matusevi\u010dien\u0117G","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R29-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.11.011","article-title":"Occurrence of oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: A retrospective analysis","volume":"78","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R30-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(95)90203-1","article-title":"Convergence insuffificiency and failure of accommodation following midfacial trauma","volume":"33","author":"Al-Qurainy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brit J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R31-20251006","first-page":"573","article-title":"Rehabilitative Optometric Services for Survivors of Acquired Brain Injury","volume":"69","author":"Gianutsos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R32-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2016.1217028","article-title":"Vergence neural pathways: A systematic narrative literature review","volume":"40","author":"Searle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"key":"R33-20251006","first-page":"13","article-title":"Visual therapy for the traumatic brain-injured","volume":"21","author":"Berne","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Optom Vis Dev"},{"key":"R34-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3109\/02699059309029687","article-title":"Incidence and treatment of visual dysfunction in traumatic brain injury","volume":"7","author":"Schlageter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"R36-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515606430","article-title":"Near point of convergence after a sport-related concussion measurement reliability and relationship to neurocognitive impairment and symptoms","volume":"43","author":"Pearce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R37-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.1085","article-title":"Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence","volume":"134","author":"Kawata","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R38-20251006","first-page":"206","article-title":"Vision and reading deficits in post-concussion patients: A retrospective analysis","volume":"3","author":"Tannen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vis Dev Rehabil"},{"key":"R39-20251006","first-page":"170","article-title":"Distance horizontal fusional facility (DFF): A proposed new diagnostic test for concussion patients","volume":"2","author":"Tannen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vision Dev Rehab"},{"key":"R40-20251006","first-page":"934","article-title":"A Reevaluation of the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test's Repeatability","volume":"81","author":"Rouse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R41-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)40067-2","article-title":"Saccade Sequences as Markers for Cerebral Dysfunction following Mild Closed Head Injury","volume":"140","author":"Heitger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"R42-20251006","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalence of oculomotor dysfunction in healthy athletes preseason: Implications for concussion in sport","volume":"3","author":"Badovinac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vision Dev Rehab"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1932_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:12Z","timestamp":1786647492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1932_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1932_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}