{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:43:40Z","timestamp":1790390620203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigating the effects of intraperitoneal carvacrol administration in rats using the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 28 newborn Sprague Dawley rats were used and the OIR model was created using the 50\/10% oxygen model. The study composed of four groups in total. While the OIR model was not used in Group I (control group), it was created for Groups II, III, and IV. About 0.01 mL carvacrol, bevacizumab, or 0.9% NaCl was administered intraperitoneal (IP) to the rats in all groups on postnatal day (PND) 14 as follows: Group I and Group II were administered 0.9% NaCl, Group III was administered bevacizumab, and Group IV was administered carvacrol. On PND 18, rats were sacrificed and their right eyes were enucleated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies showed that the number of vascular endothelial cells (VECs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-\u03b1) decreased similarly in Group III and Group IV compared with Group II. VECs values for Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV were measured as 0 \u00b1 0, 26.45 \u00b1 4.57, 7.75 \u00b1 1.98, and 5.78 \u00b1 1.72, respectively, and it differed significantly between groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Likewise, VEGF levels were observed as 0.06 \u00b1 0.01, 3.31 \u00b1 0.53, 2.47 \u00b1 0.44, and 2.49 \u00b1 0.52, respectively, and it differed significantly between groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). TNF-\u03b1 levels were recorded as 0.06 \u00b1 0.01, 3.58 \u00b1 0.38, 2.46 \u00b1 0.49, and 2.29 \u00b1 0.25, respectively, and it differed significantly between groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). VECs, VEGF, and TNF-\u03b1 were similar between Group III and IV (range of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      values were 0.486\u20130.998).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrated that carvacrol significantly reduced retinal pathological angiogenesis, NV, VEC nuclei count, VEGF, and TNF-\u03b1 levels. Moreover, the observed effects were comparable to those of bevacizumab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1935_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T11:32:28Z","timestamp":1619955148000},"page":"1219-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigating the effects of carvacrol in rats using oxygen-induced retinopathy model"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Abdulgani","family":"Kaymaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Ula\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayhan","family":"\u00c7etinkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevilay","family":"Erim\u015fah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","first-page":"101","article-title":"Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the mouse","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040031330019","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration and blindness due to neovascular maculopathy","volume":"102","author":"Ferris","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B3-20240828","first-page":"27","article-title":"Histopathology of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Green","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.10.1203","article-title":"Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"38","author":"Engerman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2016.1201062","article-title":"Current and investigational drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"25","author":"Tolentino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"B6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.01.003","article-title":"Regulation of angiogenesis by oxygen and metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Fraisl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2015.1114847","article-title":"Role of VEGF \u0131nhibition in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"31","author":"Eldweik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.06.002","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases","volume":"49","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61873-2","article-title":"NF-kappa B and Rel:Participants in a multiform transcriptional regulatory system","volume":"143","author":"Grilli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"B10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.053","article-title":"Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration:Two-year results","volume":"119","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B11-20240828","first-page":"CD011230","article-title":"Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Moja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)93019-6","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in an older community. 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